2 Samuel

The book of 2 Samuel, written by an unknown author to the people of Israel around 930 BC, tells the story of Israel and David after Saul's death. It delves into the reign of King David, highlighting his successes and challenges as he solidifies the Israelite monarchy. Key events include David's victories in battle, the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital, and the unfolding consequences of his affair with Bathsheba. 2 Samuel provides a deeper insight into the complexities of leadership and the unfolding divine plan for Israel during this crucial period.

David Hears Of Saul's Death - Chapter 1

After Saul's death, an Amalekite arrives, claiming to have killed the fallen king. He presents Saul's crown and bracelet to David, expecting a reward. However, David mourns Saul and Jonathan, condemning the Amalekite for killing the Lord's anointed. David orders the man's execution for admitting to slaying Saul, emphasizing the seriousness of harming God's chosen leader.

David's Lament For Saul And Jonathan

Upon learning of Saul and Jonathan's death, David composes a lament, instructing it be taught to the people of Judah. David mourns the fallen heroes, praising their valor in battle. David expresses deep sorrow, lamenting the loss of Israel's glory on the battlefield. David asks for the lament to be recorded, a tribute to Saul and Jonathan's bravery. The lament, known as the Song of the Bow, mourns the loss of these mighty warriors and highlights the profound impact of their deaths on Israel.

David Hears Of Saul's Death - Chapter 2

After Saul's death, David inquires of God and is directed to Hebron, where he is anointed king over Judah. David's followers, along with the tribe of Judah, affirm his kingship. In Hebron, David establishes his royal presence, signaling the beginning of his reign. This strategic move, following Saul's demise, showcases David's adherence to divine guidance and the gradual consolidation of his kingship over a portion of Israel.

War Between The Houses Of David And Saul

Abner, Saul's former commander, supports Ish-Bosheth as king over Israel, while David reigns in Hebron over Judah. A battle ensues at the pool of Gibeon between Abner's forces and Joab, David's nephew. Abner proposes a contest to settle the conflict, resulting in a fierce struggle. Asahel, Joab's brother, pursues Abner but is fatally wounded. Abner urges Joab to cease pursuing, highlighting the tragedy of Asahel's death. The conflict ends, leading to a truce. The death toll is significant, emphasizing the cost of the power struggle.

War Between The Houses Of David And Saul (cont.) - Chapter 3

During David's reign in Hebron, his family grows as he fathers six sons. The sons are born to different wives, including Michal, Saul's daughter. This period marks a time of domestic expansion for David as he establishes his household in Hebron, laying the foundation for the future trajectory of his kingship.

Abner Goes Over To David

Amid tensions between David and the house of Saul, Abner, Saul's former general, becomes disenchanted with Ish-Bosheth's leadership. Abner contacts David, proposing an alliance to unite all of Israel under his kingship. David agrees but insists on a condition: the return of Michal, David's wife. Abner negotiates the terms with the elders of Israel and brings Michal back to David.

Joab Murders Abner

Joab learns of the alliance and confronts David, accusing Abner of deceit. Joab murders Abner to avenge his brother Asahel. David, unaware of Joab's plan, mourns Abner's death, emphasizing his innocence and condemning Joab's impulsive act, which complicates David's efforts to unite the kingdom. David honors Abner, highlighting his military skill and mourning the loss of a potential ally. David's genuine grief contrasts with Joab's treacherous deed. David's public display of mourning for Abner resonates with the people, fostering goodwill and revealing his commitment to justice and unity, despite the challenges and betrayals that mark his ascent to the throne.

Ish-Bosheth Murdered - Chapter 4

Fearing repercussions after Ish-Bosheth's death, two of his captains assassinate him. They bring his head to David, expecting a reward. Instead, David condemns their act, asserting his innocence. David orders their execution as retribution for murdering an innocent man. David's response underscores his commitment to justice and his disapproval of political assassinations.

David Becomes King Over Israel - Chapter 5

The elders of Israel gather at Hebron, anointing David as king over all Israel. David now ascends to lead the united nation. His kingship marks a significant chapter, fulfilling God's promise and solidifying David's role as the shepherd-king over the people of Israel.

David Conquers Jerusalem

As David reigns in Jerusalem, he faces opposition from the Jebusites. Despite their confidence, David captures the stronghold of Zion, renaming it the City of David. David thrives as king, growing in power, with his kingdom expanding. His alliances strengthen, and he takes more wives and concubines. His sons, born in Jerusalem, contribute to the establishment of his royal lineage, emphasizing the prosperity and stability characterizing David's rule in the City of David.

David Defeats The Philistines

The Philistines, threatened by David's growing power, launch multiple attacks. David seeks divine guidance, and God directs him to circle behind the Philistines, assuring victory. David obeys, defeating the Philistines in two battles. The victories establish David's dominance and demonstrate his reliance on God's guidance, further solidifying his reign.

The Ark Brought To Jerusalem - Chapter 6

David, seeking to bring the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem, faces challenges. Initially placed on a cart, the Ark is mishandled, resulting in Uzzah's death. David, fearing God's wrath, reconsiders, and the Ark is eventually carried by the Levites as commanded. David, overjoyed, dances before the Lord, celebrating the Ark's return. Michal, Saul's daughter and David's wife, disapproves of his unrestrained worship. David defends his actions, emphasizing his devotion to God.

God's Promise To David - Chapter 7

David, now residing in his palace, desires to build a permanent house for the Ark of the Covenant. However, God speaks to Nathan, the prophet, instructing him to convey that David's son will build God's house. God promises to establish David's kingdom, ensuring his offspring's rule. This covenant extends God's favor and lineage, with David's son Solomon playing a pivotal role in building the temple. David receives God's assurances, highlighting the divine plan for his lineage and the enduring relationship between God and the house of David.

David's Prayer

After God's promise to David, he responds in humble gratitude, acknowledging God's greatness and faithfulness. David marvels at God's choice of his family, expressing awe at the magnitude of God's promises. David prays for the fulfillment of God's word and blessings upon his descendants. David's prayer reflects his deep reverence for God's sovereignty and covenant, underscoring the significance of the divine promises made to him.

David's Victories - Chapter 8

During David's reign, he achieves military success against various nations. David defeats the Philistines, Moabites, and the king of Zobah, securing tribute and expanding Israel's borders. David also establishes garrisons in conquered territories. His military campaigns lead to widespread recognition of Israel's might. David's administration thrives as he exhibits justice and fairness, earning the loyalty of his people.

David's Officials

David administers justice and equity, ensuring fairness in his government. Joab serves as the commander of the army, Jehoshaphat as the recorder, Zadok and Ahimelech as priests, Seraiah as secretary, Benaiah as leader of the bodyguard, and David's sons as his close advisors.

David And Mephibosheth - Chapter 9

David, seeking to fulfill a promise to Jonathan, inquires about any surviving members of Saul's house. David discovers Mephibosheth, Jonathan's son, living in Lo Debar. David summons Mephibosheth, extending kindness and restoring Saul's confiscated land to him. Mephibosheth, initially fearing retribution, is graciously welcomed into David's presence. David's actions demonstrate covenant loyalty, fulfilling his promise to Jonathan, and showcase compassion and generosity toward Mephibosheth, who becomes a regular guest at the king's table.

David Defeats The Ammonites- Chapter 10

David sends messengers to express condolences to Hanun, the newly enthroned king of Ammon, upon his father's death. However, Hanun's advisors wrongly interpret David's gesture as a hostile reconnaissance mission. In response, they humiliate David's envoys. David, outraged, prepares for war. The Ammonites, along with their allies, engage in battle against Israel. Joab leads a successful campaign, defeating the Ammonites and their allies. Recognizing imminent defeat, the Ammonites seek reinforcements from the Syrians, but David intervenes, defeating both armies. The Syrians become David's servants, and peace is restored.

David And Bathsheba- Chapter 11

While his army battles, David stays in Jerusalem. From his rooftop, he sees Bathsheba, bathing on a nearby rooftop. David inquires about her and discovers she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite, one of his soldiers. Ignoring this, he summons her, and they commit adultery. Bathsheba informs David of her pregnancy. To conceal the affair, David orders Uriah back to Jerusalem in an attempt to get him to have sex with Bathsheba, but Uriah's loyalty to his fellow soldiers prevents him from doing so. In desperation, David orders Uriah's strategic placement in the frontline, resulting in his death. Bathsheba becomes David's wife, and she gives birth to a son. David's actions displeased the LORD.

Nathan Rebukes David- Chapter 12

Nathan confronts David for his sins, using a parable that incites David's anger against an unjust rich man. Nathan then reveals that David is the rich man in the story, exposing his adultery with Bathsheba and the murder of Uriah. Nathan declares God's judgment: the sword will not depart from David's house, calamity will arise from within his own household. David confesses his sin, but the child conceived in adultery dies. Bathsheba later gives birth to Solomon. After, David conquers the Ammonite city of Rabbah. He seizes their king's crown, weighing a talent (75 lbs) of gold, and loots the city. David brings the people of Rabbah into forced labor.

Amnon And Tamar - Chapter 13

Amnon, David's son, is infatuated with his half-sister Tamar. Deceptively feigning illness, he lures her into his quarters and rapes her. Tamar pleads with Amnon to marry her, but he refuses, intensifying her shame. Absalom, Tamar's brother, harbors anger but does not confront Amnon immediately. David, upon hearing of the incident, is distressed but doesn't intervene. Amnon's mother was Jezreel, while Tamar and Abson's mother was Maakah but all three shared David as a father.

Absalom Kills Amnon

Two years later, Absalom plots revenge during a sheep-shearing event, inviting David and his sons. David declines, but upon Absalom's request, allows Amnon and his other sons to attend. Absalom instructs his servants to kill Amnon when he is drunk. After Amnon is murdered, the news reaches David that all of his sons are dead, but only Amnon has perished. Absalom flees and seeks refuge with his maternal grandfather. David mourns for Amnon, while Absalom remains in exile.

Absalom Returns To Jerusalem- Chapter 14

Joab, David's military commander, seeks the help of a wise woman from Tekoa to persuade David to reconcile with his estranged son Absalom. The woman crafts a parable about two sons, highlighting the need for forgiveness and restoration. David, moved by the story, agrees to bring Absalom back but hesitates to fully reconcile. Absalom returns to Jerusalem but is not allowed to see the king for two years. Eventually, David forgives him, and they are reunited, though a sense of tension lingers.

Absalom's Conspiracy- Chapter 15

Absalom, David's son, cunningly undermines his father's reign by gaining the people's favor in Jerusalem. Absalom positions himself at the city gate, offering justice and sympathy to those seeking it, eroding loyalty to David. Absalom cultivates support, declaring his readiness to rule. Over time, he amasses a considerable following, posing a significant threat to David's kingship.

David Flees

Fleeing Jerusalem as his son Absalom rebels, David, accompanied by loyal followers and the Ark of the Covenant, crosses the Kidron Valley. Instructing the high priest Zadok to return the Ark, David climbs the Mount of Olives, learning of the trusted advisor Ahithophel's betrayal. In prayer, David seeks divine guidance, displaying vulnerability. His loyal friend Hushai arrives, pledging support. David, recognizing the need for counteraction, instructs Hushai to thwart Ahithophel's counsel.

David And Ziba- Chapter 16

As David flees, Ziba, a servant of Mephibosheth, meets him with provisions. David questions Mephibosheth's absence, and Ziba falsely accuses him of disloyalty. Consequently, David grants Ziba all of Mephibosheth's possessions.

Shimei Curses David

As David continues his journey, Shimei, a relative of Saul, curses and throws stones at him. David's men suggest retaliation, but he restrains them, acknowledging that God might be prompting Shimei's actions. David sees the situation as a potential opportunity for divine discipline. Absorbing the insults, he maintains humility, recognizing the possibility of divine purpose in his adversity.

The Advice Of Ahithophel And Hushai

As David takes refuge in Jerusalem, Absalom enters the city with Ahithophel, seeking counsel. Hushai, David's covert ally, joins Absalom, feigning loyalty.

The Advice Of Ahithophel And Hushai (cont.) - Chapter 17

Absalom and Ahithophel devise a plan to swiftly pursue and capture David. Ahithophel advises an immediate attack to eliminate David, but Hushai suggests a more cautious approach. Absalom opts for Hushai's counsel, which gives David time to prepare. Hushai warns David, who crosses the Jordan with his supporters. Ahithophel, realizing his advice is ignored, despairs and takes his own life.

Absalom's Death

Loyal supporters of David provide him with provisions and hospitality. Shobi, a ruler from Ammon, supplies bedding and utensils, Barzillai generously offers sustenance, and Chimham accompanies David.

Absalom's Death (cont.) - Chapter 18

David organizes his forces for battle against Absalom's rebellious army. Despite David's order to spare Absalom's life, fighting ensues in the forest of Ephraim. Absalom, riding a mule, becomes entangled in the branches. Joab disregards David's command and kills Absalom.

David Mourns

Ahimaaz, eager to deliver news of the battle's outcome, requests permission from Joab to run to David. Joab instructs Cushi, another messenger, to go. Ahimaaz persists, eventually receiving approval. Ahimaaz outruns Cushi but lacks detailed information about Absalom's fate. When he reaches David, he reports the victory but avoids mentioning Absalom's death. Cushi arrives and provides the full account, revealing Absalom's demise. David, grief-stricken, mourns his son's loss intensely.

David Mourns (cont.) - Chapter 19

As David mourns Absalom's death, Joab admonishes him for neglecting his duty as a leader. David's sorrow overshadows the victory, causing distress among his loyal followers. Joab urges David to acknowledge the sacrifices of his supporters, compelling him to reemerge and address the nation.

David Returns To Jerusalem

David faces the aftermath of Absalom's rebellion. The people of Israel, divided and conflicted, question the delay in bringing David back to the throne. David, in response, sends a message to the priests and elders of Judah, urging their prompt action. The men of Judah, influenced by David's appeal, unite and invite him to return. Shimei, who had previously cursed David, now seeks forgiveness, but Abishai advocates for his death. David, however, spares Shimei's life, emphasizing his focus on unity rather than retribution. Mephibosheth, Saul's grandson, also approaches David, explaining his absence during the king's exile. Despite Ziba's betrayal, David divides the land between Mephibosheth and Ziba. Barzillai, an elderly supporter, declines David's invitation to Jerusalem due to his age but suggests his servant Kimham accompany the king.

Sheba Rebels Against David - Chapter 20

Amidst the aftermath of Sheba's rebellion, a man named Sheba, son of Bichri, revolts against David, by leading the northern tribes to desert him. David's loyal forces, under Joab's command, pursue Sheba. Sheba and his forces take refuge in the city of Abel. A wise woman of Abel negotiates with Joab to spare the city. Sheba's head is thrown over the wall as a trade for sparing the city, which ends the rebellion.

David's Officials

As David resumes leadership, he appoints Benaiah over the army and Adoram to oversee forced labor. Jehoshaphat becomes the recorder, Sheva serves as secretary, and Zadok and Abiathar resume their roles as priests.

The Gibeonites Avenged - Chapter 21

A famine strikes Israel for three years. Seeking divine guidance, David inquires of the Lord, who reveals that the famine is a consequence of Saul's earlier mistreatment of the Gibeonites. In reparation, David asks the Gibeonites how to make amends. The Gibeonites request the execution of seven of Saul's descendants. David complies, sparing Mephibosheth, Jonathan's son. After, the Gibeonites hang the seven Saul descendants. Rizpah, Saul's concubine, guards their bodies. David later gathers the bones of Saul and Jonathan, along with the bones of the executed, giving them a proper burial, finally appeasing the divine wrath and ending the famine.

Wars Against The Philistines

In a series of battles, David's mighty warriors confront Philistine giants descended from the Rephaim. Abishai helps David when he is tired, and the warriors exhibit great valor. In one encounter, Ishbi-Benob, a giant, nearly kills David, but Abishai intervenes. Later, Sibbecai, another warrior, defeats Saph, who is another giant.

David's Song Of Praise - Chapter 22

David, reflecting on his life's challenges and deliverance, praises the Lord in a poetic song. David celebrates God as his rock, refuge, and deliverer. David recounts his past distress, acknowledging God's intervention and salvation. The imagery depicts God's majestic presence with earthquakes and storms. David reflects on his righteous living and God's response. The song highlights the covenant between David and God, emphasizing divine faithfulness.

David's Last Words - Chapter 23

In his final words, David, the anointed king of Israel, speaks under divine inspiration. David acknowledges God's covenant and celebrates the everlasting nature of God's rule. Despite human shortcomings, God has made an everlasting covenant with David, ensuring the prosperity of his descendants.

David's Mighty Warriors

David's mighty warriors are described, each recognized for their exceptional feats in battle. The Three, consisting of Josheb-Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah, demonstrate unparalleled valor in defending Israel against overwhelming odds. Abishai and Benaiah achieve significant feats, and the list details the exploits of thirty-seven renowned warriors. The narrative underscores the unwavering loyalty and remarkable bravery displayed by David's elite soldiers. Their deeds exemplify a deep commitment to the king and the cause of Israel.

David Enrolls The Fighting Men - Chapter 24

David orders a census, which was contrary to God's will. Joab questions the command, but David insists. The census results in God's displeasure, leading to a plague that claims 70,000 lives. As an angel approaches Jerusalem to destroy it, God's mercy intervenes, and He commands the angel to halt. David repents and acknowledges his sin, then pleads for God's compassion on the people.

David Builds An Altar

David, following God's instruction, purchases Araunah's threshing floor to build an altar. Araunah generously offers the land, animals, and tools for the sacrifice, but David insists on paying. David sacrifices burnt offerings, and God shows mercy by halting the plague upon Israel.