John

The book of John is written by the apostle John, brother of James. John wrote the book around 85 AD - likely with Gentile readers in mind regarding the divinity of Jesus Christ. John begins with a poetic prelude, portraying Jesus as the eternal Word of God. Throughout the narrative, a series of miraculous signs and discourses unveil the identity of Jesus as the Son of God. Themes of light, darkness, belief, and unbelief are woven into the storyline, and the Gospel ends with details of Jesus' death and resurrection, illustrating the culmination of God's redemptive plan. John paints a captivating portrait of Jesus as the incarnate Word, offering salvation and eternal life to those who embrace him in faith.

The Word Became Flesh - Chapter 1

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning." - John 1:1-2. "In the beginning" affirms the primordial aspect of the Word, meaning the timeless and pre-existent nature of "the Word". "The Word" is translated from the Greek word logos, which can have different meanings, but in Jewish tradition logos represents God's Wisdom, a creative agent that eternally coexisted with God. The apostle John then proclaimed Jesus Christ as the eternal Word, connected to God who in context is the Father in John 1:14. The "with" in "the Word was with God" is translated from the Greek word pros, which implies an equal but separate relationship between the Word (Jesus) and God (Father). Finally, "the Word was God" confirms the divine nature of Jesus and his role in the Holy Trinity.

John the Baptist emerges as a chosen witness, testifying to the divine light. His purpose is to prepare hearts for belief in the Word made flesh. This Word, Jesus Christ, enters the world, full of grace and truth, surpassing the law given through Moses. Those who receive and believe in Him gain the extraordinary privilege of becoming children of God, born not of human will but of God's divine plan.

John The Baptist Denies Being The Messiah

In John's testimony, he denies being the Messiah, Elijah, or the Prophet. When pressed, he quotes Isaiah, declaring himself as the voice preparing the way for the Lord. The Pharisees question his authority to baptize, and John asserts he baptizes with water, but among them stands one greater, whose sandals he is unworthy to untie. This unfolds at Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John carries out his baptisms.

John's Disciples Follow Jesus

The following day, John (the Baptist) identifies Jesus as the Lamb of God, proclaiming His role in removing the world's sin. John's proclamation that Jesus has a role in removing sin is a proclamation of divine nature because only God can forgive sin. John reiterates his earlier statement about someone surpassing him, emphasizing Jesus's preexistence. John explains his baptism mission as a means for Jesus to be revealed to Israel. John testifies to witnessing the Spirit descending on Jesus like a dove, confirming the divine selection. Although initially unaware of Jesus's identity, John affirms that the Spirit's presence signifies Jesus as the one who will baptize with the Holy Spirit. With conviction, John declares Jesus as God's Chosen One, the awaited Messiah.

Jesus Calls Philip And Nathanael

The following day, Jesus calls Philip in Galilee, who, in turn, informs Nathanael about finding the prophesied one, Jesus of Nazareth. Skeptical of Nazareth's significance, Nathanael is invited by Philip to witness. As Nathanael approaches, Jesus commends his genuine nature. Astonishingly, Jesus reveals supernatural knowledge about Nathanael's past, prompting him to declare Jesus as the Son of God and the King of Israel. Jesus acknowledges Nathanael's belief, promising greater wonders, including heavenly manifestations through the Son of Man, underlining the connection between heaven and earth.

Jesus Changes Water Into Wine - Chapter 2

On the third day, a wedding occurs in Cana, Galilee, attended by Jesus, His disciples, and His mother. When the wine runs out, his mother asks Jesus to help and He instructs servants to fill six ceremonial water jars. Miraculously, the water transforms into the finest wine. The master of the banquet, unaware of the miracle's origin, praises the host for saving the best for last. This remarkable event marks Jesus' first public sign, revealing His glory. As a result, His disciples deepen their belief in Him. Jesus subsequently travels to Capernaum with His family and disciples, where they stay for a few days.

Jesus Clears The Temple Courts

As the Jewish Passover approached, Jesus went to Jerusalem. In the temple, he encountered commerce, leading him to fashion a whip and drive out sellers, declaring the sacred space should not be a marketplace. When questioned about his authority, Jesus cryptically spoke of destroying and rebuilding the temple in three days, referring to his body. After his resurrection, His disciples understood this prophecy. Though many believed in his name during the Passover Festival, Jesus remained cautious, knowing the depth of human nature. He didn't require external validation, as he intimately understood the hearts of all people, a testament to his divine knowledge and discernment.

Jesus Teaches Nicodemus - Chapter 3

Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Jewish ruling council, approached Jesus under the cover of night and seemingly acknowledged His divine origin through miraculous signs. In this context, coming to Jesus at night represents evil and an opposition to Jesus. Jesus, asserting the necessity of spiritual rebirth, introduced the concept of being born again—born of water and the Spirit. Nicodemus struggled with this metaphor, prompting Jesus to delve into deeper spiritual truths. Jesus paralleled His impending crucifixion to Moses lifting a serpent for healing in the wilderness, foreshadowing His elevation on the cross for humanity's redemption. He proclaimed God's profound love, offering salvation through belief in Him, and avoiding condemnation. Emphasizing the arrival of divine light, Jesus acknowledged humanity's penchant for darkness, with evil deeds shunning the light. Those embracing truth find illumination in God's sight, exposing their deeds openly before Him.

John Testifies Again About Jesus

Afterward, Jesus and his disciples ventured into the Judean countryside, spending time with them and baptizing. Simultaneously, John the Baptist continued baptizing at Aenon near Salim. A dispute arose between John's disciples and a Jew about ceremonial washing. They expressed concern that people were flocking to Jesus for baptism. John humbly clarified his role, emphasizing that his joy was complete in preparing the way for Jesus, who must increase while he decreases. John affirmed Jesus' divine origin, stressing the authority bestowed upon him by God. He declared that belief in the Son grants eternal life, while rejecting the Son incurs God's wrath.

Jesus Talks With A Samaritan Woman - Chapter 4

Jesus, aware of the Pharisees' knowledge of His growing discipleship, left Judea for Galilee, passing through Samaria. Arriving at Jacob's well in Sychar, a Samaritan woman drew water. Jesus, transcending cultural norms, approached her to ask for a drink. Jesus introduced the concept of living water, prompting her curiosity. Addressing her personal life, Jesus revealed knowledge of her past marriages. Acknowledging His prophetic insight, the woman raised a religious query about worship places. Jesus proclaimed a time when true worship would transcend locations, emphasizing worship in spirit and truth. The woman anticipated the Messiah, and Jesus confirmed His identity as the Messiah.

The Disciples Rejoin Jesus

The disciples returned, surprised to find Jesus talking with a Samaritan woman, yet refrained from questioning. The woman, stirred by the encounter, left her water jar and urged others to witness a man who revealed her life's details. As the townspeople approached Jesus, his disciples encouraged him to eat, but He was uninterested in physical food. Jesus emphasized his nourishment by doing the Father's will. Jesus challenged the disciples to recognize the spiritual harvest, proclaiming that they reap the benefits of others' labor in God's grand plan.

Many Samaritans Believe

Upon the Samaritan woman's testimony, many from her town believed in Jesus. They invited him to stay, and, after two days of his teachings, more embraced faith. Moved beyond her words, they proclaimed Jesus as the Savior of the world, solidifying their belief through personal encounter and His transformative message.

Jesus Heals An Official's Son

After two days in Samaria, Jesus returned to Galilee, despite the common saying that a prophet lacks honor in his own country. The Galileans welcomed him, having witnessed his deeds in Jerusalem. In Cana, a royal official urgently sought Jesus to heal his dying son in Capernaum. Jesus, challenging their dependence on signs, assured the child's recovery from a distance. The official trusted Jesus's words, and on his journey home, learned of his son's healing, confirming that the healing happened the exact moment Jesus spoke. This miraculous event led the official and his household to believe, marking the second sign Jesus performed in Galilee.

The Healing At The Pool - Chapter 5

Jesus attended a Jewish festival in Jerusalem and encountered a man who had been paralyzed for 38 years near the Sheep Gate's pool. Learning of the man's condition, Jesus asked if he wanted to be healed. The man explained his difficulty in entering the pool when it stirred. Jesus instructed him to get up, pick up his mat, and walk. Despite the healing, Jewish leaders criticized the man for carrying his mat on the Sabbath. Later, Jesus warned the healed man to stop sinning. The man identified Jesus as his healer to the Jewish leaders.

The Authority Of The Son

Facing persecution for healing on the Sabbath, Jesus defended himself by stating that he worked as God does. Jewish leaders sought to kill since this was a claim of equality with God. Jesus explained that he does the Father's work, revealing even greater deeds. The Father entrusted judgment to the Son, demanding equal honor. Those who believe have eternal life, and a time will come when the dead hear and rise—rewarding the good and condemning the evil. Jesus judges justly, seeking to please the Father, not himself.

Testimonies About Jesus

Jesus asserted that self-testimony isn't valid, citing John's (The Baptist) witness and works as stronger evidence. He emphasized not seeking human glory and accused the people of lacking God's love. Jesus came in the Father's name, yet they rejected him. Moses, in whom they hoped, accused them through his writings. Without believing Moses, they'd struggle to accept Jesus' words.

Jesus Goes To The Festival Of Tabernacles - Chapter 7

Avoiding Judea due to the threat on his life, Jesus faced skepticism from his brothers, urging him to reveal himself during the Festival of Tabernacles. Jesus, aware of his distinct timing, declined. Jesus acknowledged the world's hatred for his testimony against evil. Subsequently, he attended the festival secretly, prompting inquiries among the crowd. Opinions about him varied, but fear of the leaders stifled public discussion.

Jesus Teaches At The Festival

During the Festival of Tabernacles, Jesus surprised many by teaching in the temple courts. The Jews, astonished at his wisdom, questioned the source of his learning. Jesus clarified that his teaching originated from the One who sent Him, emphasizing discernment through obedience to God's will. Accusing the crowd of hypocrisy regarding the law, he pointed out their inconsistency in condemning his healing on the Sabbath while practicing circumcision. Jesus urged them to judge rightly, focusing on the essence rather than appearances, challenging their understanding and provoking thought on matters of law and healing.

Division Over Who Jesus Is

As Jesus continued teaching in the temple courts, some people in Jerusalem questioned whether authorities had decided not to harm Him, while others debated His origin, believing the Messiah's origin would be unknown. Jesus affirmed His connection to the One who sent Him, expressing that their lack of knowledge about the sender reflected their ignorance. Attempting to seize Him, the crowd's efforts were futile as Jesus' time had not yet come. Despite divisions among the people regarding Jesus' identity, he boldly declared an invitation for the thirsty to come to Him, promising rivers of living water, referring to the Spirit. The crowd speculated on Jesus' role, with some considering him the Prophet or the Messiah, while others questioned His Galilean origin. The people remained divided, and although some sought to seize Him, no one could lay hands on Him.

Unbelief Of The Jewish Leaders

The temple guards, returning without arresting Jesus, praised His unique words. Pharisees accused them of being deceived, dismissing Jesus. Nicodemus, a Pharisee, suggested hearing Jesus before judging. The Pharisees responded disdainfully, suggesting a prophet doesn't come from Galilee.

Jesus Feeds The Five Thousand - Chapter 6

Jesus, near the Sea of Galilee, drew a large crowd with his healing signs. Jesus asked Philip about buying food to test him. Philip deemed it costly, but Andrew mentioned a boy's five loaves and two fish. Jesus had the people sit, multiplied the food, and fed around five thousand men. Afterward, twelve baskets of leftovers were collected. Witnessing the miracle, the people thought Jesus was the expected Prophet, wanting to make him king. Jesus retreated to a mountain to avoid their forceful intentions.

Jesus Walks On The Water

In the evening, Jesus' disciples sailed to Capernaum, but Jesus hadn't joined them. The wind grew strong, and after rowing about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on water, which frightened them. Jesus reassured them, and as they welcomed him into the boat, they immediately reached the shore. The next day, the crowd realized Jesus and his disciples had left, so they sailed to Capernaum in search of him.

Jesus The Bread Of Life

After finding Jesus on the other side of the lake, the crowd questioned when he arrived. Jesus highlighted their pursuit for temporal satisfaction and urged them to seek enduring, eternal life. When asked about God's work, Jesus emphasized faith in him. The crowd, recalling manna, sought a sign. Jesus declared himself the true bread from heaven, offering eternal life to those who believe. Jesus identified as the living bread, stating that partaking in him brings eternal life. Jesus affirmed that his flesh and blood symbolized spiritual sustenance, emphasizing the importance of faith for eternal life.

Many Disciples Desert Jesus

Upon hearing Jesus' challenging teaching, many disciples found it difficult to accept. Jesus, aware of their grumbling, addressed their concerns, emphasizing the significance of the Spirit over the flesh. Despite foreknowledge of disbelief and betrayal, Jesus explained the necessity of divine enablement for belief. Faced with this teaching, numerous disciples abandoned him. When Jesus questioned the Twelve, Peter affirmed their commitment, acknowledging Jesus as the source of eternal life, and Jesus acknowledged the chosen yet identified one of them as the devil (Judas) since one of them would later betray Him.

Division Over Who Jesus Is (cont.) - Chapter 8

Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. At dawn, in the temple courts, people gathered around Him. Seeking to trap Jesus, Teachers of the law and Pharisees brought an adulterous woman. They asked if she should be stoned to test Him. Jesus said to them, "Let any one of you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her." The accusers left, with the oldest in the group leaving first. Jesus told the woman He didn't condemn her and urged her to stop sinning.

Dispute Over Jesus' Testimony

Jesus proclaimed, "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life." The Pharisees challenged Him, questioning the validity of His testimony. Jesus asserted that His testimony was valid, standing with the Father. They asked about His father (thinking he was speaking of his worldly father), and Jesus replied that they didn't know Him or His Father. Despite teaching in the temple, no one seized Him as His time had not yet come.

Dispute Over Who Jesus Is

Jesus declared, "I am going away, and you will look for me, and you will die in your sin. Where I go, you cannot come." The Jews questioned if He would kill Himself. Jesus clarified their earthly origin compared to His heavenly one, warning of death in sin without belief in Him. They asked, "Who are you?" and Jesus reiterated His identity. He spoke of judgment and the Father, expressing unity in purpose. As he continued to speak, some in the crowd began to believe in Him.

Dispute Over Whose Children Jesuus' Opponents Are

Jesus urged believers to abide by his teachings for true discipleship, promising liberation through truth. Perplexed, the Jews expressed their ancestral freedom. Jesus explained that sin enslaves, and genuine freedom comes through the Son. Jesus challenged their lineage, asserting a devilish fatherhood evident in their opposition to truth. Despite their claims of Abraham, Jesus exposed incongruities in their actions, revealing their true lineage. He argued that if God were their Father, love for him would be evident. Uncomprehending, they rejected his words, affirming their alienation from God. Jesus linked their disbelief to a misaligned paternal connection with the devil, the progenitor of falsehood.

Jesus' Claims About Himself

The Jews accused Jesus of being a Samaritan and demon-possessed, but he refuted their accusations by emphasizing honoring the Father and seeking His glory. Jesus claimed those who obey His words won't face death, causing disbelief. When challenged about Abraham, Jesus proclaimed, "Before Abraham was born, I am!" This echoes the divine name of God that was revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, emphasizing Jesus's eternal nature and deity. The Jews, recognizing the claim, sought to stone him, revealing their rejection of his divinity. This bold statement solidifies Jesus's identification with the God of Israel, a significant theological assertion in the context of Jewish understanding and scriptural history.

Jesus Heals A Man Born Blind - Chapter 9

Jesus encountered a man who was blind from birth. Disciples asked Jesus who sinned to make the man blind. Jesus explained it was for God's works to be revealed, not sin. Using spit and mud, Jesus anointed the man's eyes, instructing him to wash in the Pool of Siloam. The man obeyed and gained sight. Witnesses debated his identity, but he affirmed Jesus's miraculous role. When questioned, he recounted the healing and expressed uncertainty about Jesus's whereabouts.

The Pharisees Investigate The Healing

The Pharisees interrogated the formerly blind man about his healing on the Sabbath, disputing Jesus's divine origin. Some of the Pharisees deemed Jesus a sinner for breaking the Sabbath while others saw miraculous signs. Summoning the former blind man's parents, the parents affirmed his identity but avoided details due to fear. The Pharisees questioned the man again, pressuring him to denounce Jesus. Defiant, he proclaimed his miraculous transformation, baffling them. Enraged, they expelled him, illustrating their refusal to acknowledge Jesus's divine authority and rejecting the man's testimony.

Spiritual Blindness

Jesus approached the man He healed, asking if he believed in the Son of Man. The man expressed his willingness to believe but didn't know who the Son of Man was. Jesus revealed He was the Son of Man, and the man professed belief, worshiping Him. Jesus emphasized His purpose, bringing judgment to distinguish between spiritual blindness and insight. Some Pharisees questioned their blindness, prompting Jesus to note that acknowledging spiritual ignorance would free them from guilt, but claiming knowledge without insight would perpetuate their guilt.

The Good Shepherd And His Sheep - Chapter 10

Jesus identifies Himself as the gate for the sheep, distinguishing from false leaders who are thieves. He emphasizes that through Him, people find salvation and abundant life. Further, Jesus presents Himself as the good shepherd who sacrifices for the sheep. He clarifies His intimate knowledge of His followers and envisions a unified flock. Despite division among the Jews, some recognize the inconsistency of attributing demonic possession to one who heals the blind.

Further Conflict Over Jesus' Claims

During the Festival of Dedication in Jerusalem, Jesus faced Jews demanding a clear declaration if He was the Messiah. Jesus claimed unity with the Father, asserting, "I and the Father are one." He highlighted His divine works, offering eternal life and asserting believers' security in His and the Father's hands. The Jews accused Him of blasphemy, rejecting His divinity. Jesus defended by referencing Scripture, challenging their understanding. Despite attempts to seize Him, Jesus continued His ministry, emphasizing the inseparable connection with the Father. This declaration reinforced His divine nature and garnered belief among many who acknowledged John's truthful testimony about Him.

The Death Of Lazarus - Chapter 11

In Bethany, Lazarus, brother to Mary and Martha, fell ill. The sisters sent word to Jesus, stating, "Lord, the one you love is sick." Jesus declared the sickness wouldn't end in death but would glorify God's Son. Despite love for Lazarus, Jesus stayed two more days. When He decided to return to Judea, the disciples worried due to recent threats. Jesus revealed Lazarus' sleep, intending to awaken him. The disciples thought Jesus meant normal sleep, but Jesus clarified Lazarus's death and expressed joy for the disciples' belief.

Jesus Comforts The Sisters Of Lazarus

Upon Jesus' arrival in Bethany, Lazarus had been in the tomb for four days. Many Jews had come to console Martha and Mary. Martha, upon hearing of Jesus, expressed faith, believing God would grant His requests. Jesus assured her of Lazarus' resurrection. Martha affirmed her belief in the future resurrection. Jesus declared, "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die." Martha confessed Him as the Messiah. Calling Mary, Martha informed her of Jesus' presence. Mary, accompanied by mourners, met Jesus. Deeply moved, He wept. Witnessing His love, some doubted His ability to prevent Lazarus' death.

Jesus Raises Lazarus From The Dead

Despite Martha's concerns about the odor, Jesus commanded the stone to be removed. He thanked the Father aloud, expressing it for the benefit of onlookers. Jesus called, "Lazarus, come out!" Lazarus emerged, still bound in burial cloths. Jesus instructed, "Take off the grave clothes and let him go."

The Plot To Kill Jesus

The miraculous resurrection of Lazarus led many Jews to believe in Jesus. fearing the impact on their authority, the Pharisees convened, and Caiaphas, the high priest, argued that Jesus should be put to death because his continued activities would lead to Roman intervention. He unwittingly prophesied Jesus' sacrificial death for the nation. The leaders plotted against Jesus, prompting Him to withdraw from public exposure. As Passover approached, people speculated about Jesus' attendance, but the chief priests and Pharisees ordered his arrest, intensifying the conflict between Jesus and religious authorities.

Jesus Anointed At Bathany - Chapter 12

Six days before Passover, Jesus arrived in Bethany. A dinner was held in Jesus’ honor where Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus, anointed Jesus’ feet with expensive perfume and wiped them with her hair. Judas Iscariot objected by stating the perfume’s cost could have helped the poor. Jesus knew Judas was acting out of greed and defended Mary. Jesus said Mary was intended to save the perfume for His burial. A crowd gathered to see Jesus and Lazarus, who had drawn many to believe in Jesus. The chief priests plotted to kill Lazarus because his resurrection was leading many Jews to faith in Jesus.

Jesus Comes To Jerusalem As King

The next day, a crowd welcomed Jesus as He entered Jerusalem, waving palm branches and shouting:

“Hosanna!” (meaning "Save!")

“Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!” (from Psalm 118:25-26)

“Blessed is the king of Israel!”.

Fulfilling prophecy, Jesus rode a young donkey, symbolizing peace. His disciples did not understand the significance at first but later realized its fulfillment. Many in the crowd had witnessed Jesus raising Lazarus and continued to spread the word, drawing more followers to Him. The Pharisees, seeing Jesus’ influence grow, remarked that the “whole world” was going after Him.

Jesus Predicts His Death

Jesus spoke of His impending death, comparing it to a seed that must die to produce a greater harvest. He emphasized self-sacrifice and eternal life for those who serve Him. Jesus prayed for God’s glory. A voice from heaven affirmed God’s glory, causing confusion among the crowd. Jesus explained that this voice signified coming judgment and His crucifixion, which would draw all people to Him. He urged them to believe in the light (Himself) while it was available to avoid being overtaken by darkness.

Belief And Unbelief Among The Jews

Despite witnessing Jesus’ miracles, many still did not believe, fulfilling Isaiah’s prophecy about hardened hearts. Some leaders believed Jesus but remained silent because they feared backlash from other Pharisees, showing they valued human praise over God’s approval. Jesus publicly declared that to believe in Him was to believe in God, and He came as a light to dispel darkness. Though He did not come to judge but to save, His words would ultimately condemn those who rejected Him. Jesus emphasized that His teachings came directly from God, who alone offers eternal life through faith in Him.

Jesus Washes His Disciples' Feet - Chapter 13

Before Passover and during dinner, Jesus rose began to wash the apostles feet, symbolizing humility and service. When Jesus approached Peter to wash his feet, Peter resisted. Jesus explained that Peter needed this washing to share in Him. Peter then asked Jesus to wash his hands and head as well, but Jesus clarified that only his feet needed washing, symbolizing a deeper cleansing, though not all were “clean” due to Judas’s future betrayal. After finishing, Jesus returned to His place and asked if they understood His action, showing them an example of humble service that they were to follow. Once finished, Jesus told them to follow His example of servanthood, stating that blessings would follow obedience. Jesus explained that no servant is above his master and his actions were to set a model for His disciples to serve others with humility.

Jesus Predicts His Betrayal

Jesus revealed that one of His disciples would betray Him, fulfilling Scripture that "he who shared my bread has turned against me." Peter asked who the betrayer was, and Jesus identified Judas by giving him a piece of bread dipped in the dish, after which Satan entered Judas. Jesus urged Judas to act quickly, but the disciples assumed he was on an errand for the Passover or charity. Judas left and it was night.

Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial

Jesus spoke of His approaching glorification through His impending sacrifice that would glorify God. He reminded His disciples that He would only be with them a short time and introduced a new command: to love one another as He had loved them. Peter was confused and asked where Jesus was going and insisted on following, even pledging to lay down his life. Jesus responded by foretelling that Peter would deny Him three times before the rooster crowed.

Jesus Comforts His Disciples - Chapter 14

Jesus encouraged His disciples not to be troubled, telling them to trust in both God and Himself. He assured them that His Father’s house had many rooms and that He was going to prepare a place for them. Jesus reminded them that they already knew the way to where He was going.

Jesus The Way To The Father

When Thomas expressed confusion about the way to where Jesus was going, Jesus declared, “I am the way, the truth, and the life,” explaining that no one could come to the Father except through Him. He clarified that knowing Him meant knowing the Father. In response to Philip’s request to see the Father, Jesus affirmed His unity with the Father. Jesus explained that His words and works revealed the Father’s presence. He promised that those who believed would perform even greater works through His power and that whatever they asked in His name would be done to glorify the Father.

Jesus Promises The Holy Spirit

Jesus instructed His disciples to keep His commands, promising the Holy Spirit, an Advocate who would be with them forever. He described the Holy Spirit as “the Spirit of truth,” unseen by the world but known to the disciples, as the Spirit would dwell within them. Jesus promised He would not leave them as orphans and assured them they would live because He lives. Jesus explained that after He goes to the Father, the Holy Spirit would teach them and remind them of all He had said.

The Vine And The Branches - Chapter 15

Jesus described Himself as the true vine and His Father as the gardener. He taught that every branch in Him that bears no fruit would be cut off, while those that bear fruit would be pruned to be even more fruitful. He urged His disciples to remain in Him or they could do nothing. Remaining in Him would lead them to bear much fruit. Jesus encouraged them to remain in His love by keeping His commands and expressed that His joy would be in them. Jesus provided the disciples a new command to love each other as He loved them, even to the point of laying down their lives. Jesus emphasized that He had chosen them to bear lasting fruit and instructed them to love one another.

The World Hates The Disciples

Jesus told His disciples to remember that if the world hated them, they hated Him first. Because He had chosen them out of the world, they did not belong to it, and this separation was the root of the world’s hatred. Jesus reminded them of His earlier words: "A servant is not greater than his master." Just as He had faced persecution, so would they. The world hated Jesus and them because they don't know the Father. Jesus explained that His words and works exposed sin, leaving the people without excuse for their hatred toward Him and the Father, fulfilling the scripture, “They hated me without reason.”

The Work Of The Holy Spirit

Jesus promised that the Advocate, the Spirit of truth (the Holy Spirit), would come from the Father and testify about Him, but told His disciples to testify too since they were with Him from the beginning of His ministry. The Holy Spirit would guide them and empower them to bear witness to the truth of Jesus’ life and message.

The Work Of The Holy Spirit (cont.) - Chapter 16

Jesus warned His disciples they would face persecution, and some would think killing them was a service to God. He assured them that His departure was necessary to send the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, who would guide them in truth, convict the world of sin, righteousness, judgment, and glorify Jesus by revealing His teachings.

The Disciples' Grief Will Turn To Joy

Jesus told the disciples they would grieve when He left, but their sorrow would turn to joy when they saw Him again. He urged them to ask in His name to receive complete joy, promising that God loved them because they loved and believed in Him. Jesus warned they would scatter and leave Him alone, but the Father would stay with Him. He offered these words to bring peace and to assure them of His victory over the world.

Jesus Prays To Be Glorified - Chapter 17

Jesus prayed to the Father, asking for His own glorification so that He might bring glory to the Father. He acknowledged His authority to grant eternal life, defined as knowing God and Himself. Jesus reflected on the completion of His earthly mission, bringing glory to the Father through obedience. Jesus asked to be restored to the divine glory He shared with the Father before the world began.

Jesus Prays For His Disciples

Jesus prayed for His disciples, whom God had entrusted to Him. He asked for their protection, unity, and joy because He would no longer be with them to provide these virtues. Jesus acknowledged that, while He would leave the hostile world, the disciples would remain in it. He prayed for their sanctification through God’s truth, desiring that they be set apart as He was, to continue His mission. Jesus expressed gratitude that they received and believed His message.

Jesus Prays For All Believers

Jesus extended His prayer to future believers, asking for unity among them, mirroring the unity between Himself and the Father. He prayed that this unity would demonstrate God’s love and serve as a testament to His divine mission. He desired believers to be with Him, to witness His glory, and experience the fullness of God’s love.

Jesus Arrested - Chapter 18

After praying, Jesus went with His disciples to a garden known to Judas, who led soldiers there to arrest Him. Jesus identified Himself, causing the soldiers to momentarily fall back. The soldiers fell back due to Jesus making a claim of divine authority by identifying Himself as "I am he" or "I am," echoing God's self-identification to Moses in Exodus 3:14. Peter attempted to defend Jesus by cutting off the high priest servant’s ear, but Jesus refuted Peter and accepted His fate as God’s will. He was bound and taken first to Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year, where He would face further questioning.

Peter's First Denial

Peter followed Jesus to the high priest’s courtyard, where a servant girl questioned if he was one of Jesus' disciples. Peter denied knowing Jesus.

The High Priest Questions Jesus

The high priest interrogated Jesus about His teachings. Jesus responded by noting He had always taught publicly and suggested they ask anyone who had observed him talk. One of the officials struck Jesus, but He calmly challenged them to justify the action if He had spoken wrongly. Annas sent Jesus to Caiaphas.

Peter's Second And Third Denials

Peter was twice more accused of being a disciple. He denied it both times, and upon his third denial, a rooster crowed, fulfilling Jesus’ prophecy.

Jesus Before Pilate

The Jewish leaders took Jesus to Pilate. Pilate questioned Jesus, asking if He was the King of the Jews. Jesus said His kingdom was not worldly but was sent to testify to the truth. Pilate found no basis for a charge but offered to release a prisoner. The crowd chose Barabbas, a rebel, over Jesus.

Jesus Sentenced To Be Crucified - Chapter 19

Pilate took Jesus and ordered him to be flogged (whipped), after which soldiers mocked him by placing a crown of thorns on his head and dressing him in a purple robe, hailing him as the "king of the Jews." When Pilate presented Jesus to the gathered crowd, he declared that he found no charge against him. However, the chief priests insisted on his crucifixion, claiming that Jesus had blasphemed by declaring himself the Son of God. This claim made Pilate uneasy, prompting him to question Jesus about his origins, but Jesus remained silent. Pilate, aware of the pressure from the Jewish leaders, attempted to release Jesus, but the crowd threatened to report him to Caesar for harboring a potential rival king. Despite his reservations, Pilate gave into the crowd and said, "Here is your king," only to be met with cries to crucify him. The chief priests rejected Jesus as their king, affirming their allegiance to Caesar, and Pilate ultimately handed Jesus over to be crucified.

The Crucifixion Of Jesus

Jesus carried His cross to Golgotha, where He was crucified between two others. Pilate had a sign posted on Jesus’ cross, proclaiming Him “King of the Jews,” written in three languages. The chief priests objected to the sign but Pilate said What I have written, I have written.” The soldiers divided Jesus' clothing and cast lots for His seamless garment, fulfilling Scripture. At the cross, Jesus entrusted His mother to His disciple John. In His final moments, Jesus declared, “It is finished,” and died, fulfilling prophecies about the Messiah.

The Death Of Jesus

As Passover approached, the Jewish leaders requested the crucified bodies be removed. Soldiers broke the legs of the others crucified but found Jesus already dead. Instead, they pierced His side, and blood and water flowed out, fulfilling Scriptures about the Messiah.

The Burial Of Jesus

Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple, requested Jesus' body from Pilate. With Nicodemus, he prepared Jesus' body with spices and wrapped it in linen according to Jewish customs. They placed Him in a new tomb located in a nearby garden.

The Empty Tomb - Chapter 20

Mary Magdalene found the tomb open and Jesus’ body missing. She told Peter and John, who ran to the tomb and saw the burial cloths lying there. John believed, though neither fully understood the resurrection. They returned to their place, pondering these events.

Jesus Appears To Mary Magdalene

Mary, weeping at the tomb, saw two angels. When she turned, she saw Jesus but didn’t recognize Him until He called her by name. Jesus told her not to hold on to Him as He hadn’t ascended and instructed her to tell the disciples. Mary joyfully shared the news, “I have seen the Lord!”

Jesus Appears To His Disciples

That evening, Jesus appeared to His disciples, offering peace and showing them His wounds. Overjoyed, the disciples received His blessing and the Holy Spirit, as Jesus commissioned them to continue His work, including forgiving sins in His name. "If you forgive anyone’s sins, their sins are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.”

Jesus Appears To Thomas

Thomas doubted the disciples' report of Jesus' appearance. A week later, Jesus appeared again and invited Thomas to touch His wounds. Convinced, Thomas declared, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus commended Thomas’s faith but blessed those who believe without seeing.

The Purpose Of John's Gospel

John stated that he recorded these signs so readers may believe Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and by believing, have life in His name.

Jesus And The Miraculous Catch Of Fish - Chapter 21

Jesus appeared to seven disciples by the Sea of Galilee. They had caught no fish, but Jesus, unrecognized on the shore, instructed them to cast the net on the right side. The disciples caught many fish and after realizing it was Jesus, Peter swam to shore, while the others followed with the fish. Jesus invited them to eat, sharing bread and fish. This was His third appearance to the disciples after His resurrection.

Jesus Reinstates Peter

Jesus asked Peter three times if he loved Him, each time instructing Peter to care for His followers, symbolized as "sheep." This questioning paralleled Peter denying he knew Jesus three times. Jesus foretold Peter’s future sacrifice and called him to follow Him. When Peter asked about John’s future, Jesus responded that John’s destiny was His own decision, urging Peter to focus on his own call to follow. The disciple who witnessed these events, traditionally identified as John, testified to their truth. He noted that if every act of Jesus were recorded, the world could not contain the books.