Acts

The book of Acts was written by Luke around 62 AD and continues his Gospel, documenting the early expansion of the Christian movement. Acts unfolds in six phases: (1) beginning in Jerusalem, where the Holy Spirit empowers the apostles to spread the Gospel, (2) extends throughout Palestine, (3) to Gentiles, (4) the conversion of Saul (Paul) and his missionary journeys into Asia, (5) Europe, and (6) Rome. Throughout Acts, Luke emphasizes the spread of God’s word and the unstoppable growth of the church as God’s kingdom is proclaimed to all nations.

Jesus Taken Up Into Heaven - Chapter 1

Luke describes Jesus' actions after the resurrection. He appeared to the apostles for 40 days and spoke about the kingdom of God. Jesus instructed them to remain in Jerusalem to receive the Holy Spirit. When the apostles asked Him about restoring Israel’s kingdom, Jesus redirected their focus to how they would soon receive the Holy Spirit and spread his message to the world. After, Jesus ascended into heaven and two angels assured them that Jesus would return in the same manner.

Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas

The apostles returned to Jerusalem and prayed together with other believers. By quoting scripture, Peter addressed the need to replace Judas, who betrayed Jesus and died. They nominated Joseph Barsabbas and Matthias. After praying, they cast lots, and Matthias was chosen to join the apostles.

The Holy Spirit Comes at Pentecost - Chapter 2

On the day of Pentecost, the apostles were gathered when a sound like a violent wind filled the room, and what appeared to be tongues of fire rested on them. They were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in tongues (i.e., various languages). Jews from around the world heard their native languages spoken and were amazed. Some from the crowd mocked the apostles, thinking the apostles were drunk.

Peter Addresses the Crowd

Peter explained that the events fulfilled Joel’s prophecy about the outpouring of the Spirit. He declared Jesus as the Messiah, whom they had crucified, but God raised him from the dead. Peter called the people to repent and be baptized, and 3,000 were added to their number that day. While Peter was addressing the crowd, he quoted Old Testament scripture and Jesus' teachings.

The Fellowship of the Believers

The believers devoted themselves to the apostles' teachings, fellowship, breaking bread, and prayer. They shared everything in common, sold their possessions to help those in need, and worshiped together daily with glad hearts. God continually added to their numbers as more people were saved.

Peter Heals a Lame Beggar - Chapter 3

Peter and John went to the temple for prayer and encountered a man who had been unable to walk since birth. He was begging at a gate called Beautiful. When he asked them for money, Peter replied, "Silver or gold I do not have, but what I do have I give you. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk." He got up and praised God as the crowd watched in amazement.

Peter Speaks to the Onlookers

Seeing the astonished crowd, Peter clarified that the healing was not through their own power but through faith in Jesus Christ. He accused the people of disowning and killing Jesus but proclaimed that God had raised Him from the dead. Peter urged them to repent so their sins would be forgiven and the Messiah would return to restore everything. This would fulfill the prophecies made by the prophets like Moses and Abraham.

Peter and John Before the Sanhedrin - Chapter 4

Peter and John were arrested for preaching Jesus’ resurrection. Jewish leaders and the high priest questioned them. Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, declared that the lame man was healed by the power of Jesus, whom they crucified. Peter emphasized salvation is only found through faith in Jesus. The leaders couldn't punish Peter or John because the people knew of their healing, so they warned them not to speak about Jesus, but Peter and John refused, saying they must obey God. After further threats, they were released.

The Believers Pray

After their release, Peter and John shared what happened, and the believers prayed for boldness to continue preaching despite threats. They asked God for signs and wonders through Jesus’ name. The place where they prayed shook, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit.

The Believers Share Their Possessions

After these events, the believers were united and shared everything they had. The apostles continued to testify about Jesus’ resurrection. Some, like Joseph (Barnabas), sold property and gave the money to the apostles, who gave it to those in need. There was no one in need among them.

Ananias and Sapphira - Chapter 5

Ananias and his wife Sapphira sold a piece of property but kept part of the money while claiming to have given the full amount to the apostles. Peter confronted Ananias about lying not to men but to God. Ananias fell dead. Unaware of her husband's death, Sapphira later came to Peter and lied about the price. Peter rebuked her for testing the Spirit of the Lord, and she also died. Both deaths instilled fear throughout the church.

The Apostles Heal Many

The apostles continued performing signs and wonders, and more became believers. Crowds brought the sick and demon-possessed, and all were healed, even hoping Peter’s shadow might pass over them.

The Apostles Persecuted

Jealous of the apostles' influence, the high priest and the Sadducees arrested them, but an angel freed them at night and instructed them to keep preaching. The Sanhedrin were baffled when they found the jail empty and later learned the apostles were teaching in the temple courts. They brought the apostles before the Sanhedrin, where Peter boldly declared their duty to obey God over men, accusing the leaders of killing Jesus, whom God raised. The leaders wanted to kill them, but Gamaliel, a respected Pharisee, cautioned them to leave the apostles alone. Gamaliel explained that if their actions were derived from man, they would fail, but it could not be stopped if their movement was from God. The apostles were flogged, but they rejoiced for suffering for Jesus' name and continued preaching daily.

The Choosing of the Seven - Chapter 6

Tensions arose between the Hellenistic Jews (Greek-speaking Jews) and the Hebraic Jews because the widows of the Hellenists were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. The Twelve apostles recognized that their focus was better suited to preaching and prayer rather than distributing food, so they asked the disciples to choose seven men full of the Spirit and wisdom to handle the distribution. The community selected Stephen, Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas. The apostles appointed them to the task after praying and laying hands on them. The word of God continued to spread, and many, including Jewish priests, came to faith.

Stephen Seized

Stephen performed great wonders among the people but faced opposition from certain members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen. Unable to counter the wisdom given to Stephen by the Holy Spirit, they persuaded men to falsely accuse Stephen of speaking blasphemy against Moses and God. Stirring up the people, elders, and teachers of the law, they brought Stephen before the Sanhedrin. False witnesses claimed Stephen was speaking against the temple and the law, suggesting that Jesus of Nazareth would destroy the temple and change the customs of Moses. As the Sanhedrin looked at Stephen, they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.

The Church Persecuted And Scattered - Chapter 8

After Stephen’s martyrdom, a great persecution erupted against the church in Jerusalem. All but the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. Godly men buried Stephen with deep mourning. Saul actively sought to destroy the church and went house to house arresting men and women. This marked the beginning of widespread hostility toward the early Christians, but it also led to the spread of the gospel beyond Jerusalem as the believers were scattered throughout different regions.

Philip In Samaria

Those scattered by the persecution preached the word wherever they went. Philip went to a city in Samaria. His ministry included miracles like casting out impure spirits and healing the paralyzed and lame. These powerful signs drew the attention of the crowds, and many believed in his message.

Simon The Sorcerer

Simon, a sorcerer in Samaria who amazed people with his magic, claimed to be someone great, and many followed him. However, when Philip preached about the kingdom of God and Jesus Christ, many, including Simon, believed and were baptized. When Peter and John arrived to pray for the new believers to receive the Holy Spirit, Simon offered money to receive the same power. Peter rebuked him, warning him to repent of his wicked heart and sin. Simon asked them to pray for him. Afterward, Peter and John continued preaching the gospel on their way back to Jerusalem, stopping at Samaritan villages.

Philip And The Ethiopian

An angel of the Lord instructed Philip to travel on the desert road from Jerusalem to Gaza. Philip encountered an Ethiopian eunuch in charge of the queen's treasury, who was returning from worshiping in Jerusalem and reading Isaiah’s prophecy. Philip explained the passage the eunuch was reading and told him about Jesus. As they traveled, they found water, and the eunuch requested baptism. Philip baptized him, and after they came out of the water, the Spirit took Philip away. The eunuch continued on his way rejoicing, while Philip travelled through Azotus until he reached Caesarea.

Stephen's Speech to the Sanhedrin - Chapter 7

Stephen began by recounting Israel’s history, starting with Abraham. He highlighted God’s covenant with Abraham, the patriarchs’ jealousy of Joseph, and how God used Joseph to save Israel during a famine. He then recounted Israel’s oppression in Egypt and God’s call to Moses. Stephen emphasized Moses’ role as a deliverer and prophet, but also noted how the Israelites rejected Moses, turning to idolatry by worshiping a golden calf. He continued by discussing the tabernacle, which the Israelites carried with them in the wilderness and which was later replaced by Solomon’s temple. However, he reminded them that God does not dwell in temples made by human hands, citing Isaiah’s words: “Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool.” Stephen rebuked the Sanhedrin as "stiff-necked people" who resisted the Holy Spirit and accused them of persecuting and killing the prophets, including Jesus.

The Stoning of Stephen

The Sanhedrin were angry, but Stephen looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, with Jesus standing at God’s right hand. He declared what he saw, which further infuriated the crowd. Covering their ears and shouting, they rushed at him, dragged him out of the city, and began to stone him. As they did, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul. While being stoned, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit,” and with his last breath, he asked the Lord not to hold the sin against them. After this, Stephen died and "Saul approved of their killing him."

Saul's Conversion - Chapter 9

Saul was threatening and persecuting Christians and asked the high priest to arrest believers in Damascus. On his way, a blinding light from heaven flashed around him, and he heard Jesus asking why Saul was persecuting Him. Saul became blind and led to Damascus. God instructed a disciple named Ananias to restore Saul’s sight, despite his fear of Saul's reputation. Ananias placed his hands on Saul and restored his vision. After, Saul was filled with the Holy Spirit and was baptized.

Saul in Damascus and Jerusalem

Saul immediately began preaching in Damascus that Jesus is the Son of God. Many that heard Saul preaching were astonished because they knew him as a persecutor of Christians. Due to his preaching, Jews in Damascus conspired to kill Saul, but his followers helped him escape by lowering him in a basket through the city wall. In Jerusalem, Saul was feared and untrusted from the disciples, but Barnabas vouched for him. Saul preached in Jerusalem, debating with Hellenistic Jews, who also sought to kill him. The believers sent him to Tarsus for safety. During this time, the church in Judea, Galilee, and Samaria enjoyed peace, growing in numbers and being strengthened by the Holy Spirit.

Aeneas and Dorcas

Peter visited the believers in Lydda, where he healed Aeneas, a man bedridden for eight years. Peter declared that Jesus Christ had healed him, and Aeneas immediately got up, leading many in Lydda and Sharon to turn to the Lord. In Joppa, a beloved disciple named Tabitha (Dorcas), known for her charitable works, had died. Peter raised her from the dead, which became widely known in Joppa, resulting in many people coming to faith in the Lord. Peter stayed in Joppa for some time with a tanner named Simon.

Cornelius Calls for Peter - Chapter 10

Cornelius, a God-fearing centurion in Caesarea, had a vision where an angel told him that his prayers and gifts had been noticed by God. The angel instructed him to send for Peter, who was staying in Joppa at Simon the tanner’s house. Cornelius sent two servants and a devout soldier to bring Peter back.

Peter’s Vision

While Cornelius’ men traveled to Joppa, Peter had a vision while praying. He saw a sheet filled with animals and was told to eat, but he refused, calling them unclean. A voice responded, “Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.” This happened three times, leaving Peter confused. The Spirit then told Peter to go with the men Cornelius had sent, and Peter welcomed them as guests.

Peter at Cornelius’s House

Peter arrived at Cornelius' house, where he was greeted with reverence, but Peter insists he is only a man. He explains that God has shown him not to consider anyone unclean, breaking the Jewish custom of avoiding Gentiles. Peter then preaches that God shows no favoritism but accepts all who fear Him and believe in Jesus. As Peter speaks, the Holy Spirit descends on the Gentiles present, astonishing the Jewish believers. Peter declares that they should be baptized, as they have received the Holy Spirit. The group is baptized in the name of Jesus, and Peter stays with them for a few days.

Peter Explains His Actions- Chapter 11

Some Jewish believers criticized Peter for visiting and eating with Gentiles. Peter recounted his vision and how the Holy Spirit had come upon the Gentiles just as it had on the Jews. Peter emphasized that God had given the Gentiles the same gift of salvation. Hearing this, the believers no longer objected and praised God, acknowledging that salvation had been granted even to the Gentiles.

The Church In Antioch

As believers scattered due to persecution, some preached the gospel to Jews in Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, while others began sharing with Gentiles. Many in Antioch turned to the Lord. The Jerusalem church sent Barnabas to encourage them. He then brought Saul (Paul) from Tarsus, and together they taught in Antioch for a year, where the disciples were first called Christians. Meanwhile, prophets predicted a famine, prompting the Antioch church to send financial aid to the believers in Judea, delivering it through Barnabas and Saul.

Peter's Miraculous Escape From Prison - Chapter 12

King Herod arrested some believers, executing James, and imprisoning Peter during the Festival of Unleavened Bread. The church prayed earnestly for him and the night before Peter’s trial, an angel appeared, freed him from his chains, and led him past the guards to safety outside the prison. Peter thought it was a vision, but upon realizing it was real, he went to the house of Mary, John Mark’s mother, where believers were praying. They listened as Peter described how the Lord delivered him. Herod, upon discovering Peter’s escape, ordered the guards’ execution.

Herod's Death

Herod quarreled with the people of Tyre and Sidon, but they sought peace due to their reliance on his country for food. On a public occasion, Herod, dressed in royal robes, addressed the people, who declared him a god. Because Herod did not give glory to God, an angel struck him, and he died, eaten by worms. Despite this, the word of God continued to spread and grow.

Barnabas And Saul Sent Off - Chapter 13

Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch, bringing John Mark with them. In the church at Antioch, where there were prophets and teachers, the Holy Spirit instructed the believers to set apart Barnabas and Saul for the work He had called them to. After fasting, praying, and laying hands on them, the church sent them off to begin their mission.

On Cyprus

Barnabas and Saul, sent by the Holy Spirit, traveled to Cyprus, proclaiming God's word in synagogues with John Mark as their helper. In Paphos, they encountered a Jewish sorcerer named Bar-Jesus, who opposed their message while serving the proconsul, Sergius Paulus. Sergius, eager to hear God’s word, called for Barnabas and Saul. Saul (Paul) rebuked Bar-Jesus for deceit and declared that he would be struck blind. When Bar-Jesus became blind, the proconsul believed in the Lord.

In Pisidian Antioch

In Pisidian Antioch, Paul and his companions preached in the synagogue, sharing the history of Israel and proclaiming Jesus as the promised Savior from David's line. Paul emphasized that Jesus’ resurrection fulfilled God’s promises and brought forgiveness of sins, something the Law of Moses couldn’t provide. After his message, many Jews and Gentile converts were interested, but some Jewish leaders became jealous and opposed him. Paul declared he would now focus on preaching to the Gentiles. Paul and Barnabas eventually faced persecution and left for Iconium.

In Iconium - Chapter 14

Paul and Barnabas preached in the synagogue, leading many Jews and Gentiles to believe. Some Jews who rejected their message stirred up opposition. The city became divided, with some siding with the apostles and others with the opposing Jews. When a plot to stone them was discovered, Paul and Barnabas fled to the cities of Lystra and Derbe, where they continued to preach the gospel.

In Lystra And Derbe

In Lystra, Paul healed a man lame from birth, prompting the crowd to declare Paul and Barnabas as gods. They tried to offer sacrifices to them, mistaking Barnabas for Zeus and Paul for Hermes. Paul and Barnabas rejected the worship, urging them to turn to the living God. Jews from Antioch and Iconium turned the crowd against Paul, and he was stoned and left for dead. However, he survived and returned to the city before leaving for Derbe the next day.

The Return To Antioch In Syria

Paul and Barnabas preached in Derbe but went back to Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch to appoint elders in each church. They encouraged the disciples to remain faithful and warned that hardships would come but that they were necessary to enter the kingdom of God. After traveling through Pisidia and Pamphylia, they preached in Perga and then sailed to Antioch. They reported to the church how God had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles and stayed there for a long time.

The Council At Jerusalem - Chapter 15

Some from Judea taught that Gentile believers must be circumcised to be saved, sparking a debate with Paul and Barnabas. They traveled to Jerusalem to consult the apostles and elders. After much discussion, Peter reminded them that God gave the Holy Spirit to Gentiles by faith, not by the law. James agreed, suggesting Gentiles only abstain from certain practices stating that they "should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God." James suggested telling them to "abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood." The council decided Gentiles did not need circumcision, emphasizing salvation by grace.

The Council's Letter To Gentile Believers

The apostles, elders, and the church sent a letter to Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia, clarifying that Gentiles were not bound by Jewish law but should avoid idolatry, immorality, and eating food from strangled animals. Judas and Silas delivered the letter, encouraging the believers. The church in Antioch rejoiced at the news, and Paul and Barnabas stayed there, continuing to preach and teach.

Disagreement Between Paul And Barnabas

Paul proposed revisiting the towns where they had preached to check on the believers. Barnabas wanted to take John Mark, but Paul disagreed due to Mark's earlier desertion. The disagreement led them to part ways—Barnabas took Mark to Cyprus, while Paul chose Silas and traveled through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.

Timothy Joins Paul And Silas - Chapter 16

Paul met Timothy, a disciple with a Jewish mother and Greek father, in Lystra. Since local Jews knew of Timothy’s Greek heritage, Paul circumcised him to avoid conflict. As they traveled, Paul, Silas, and Timothy delivered the decisions from the Jerusalem council. Their work strengthened the faith of the churches, which grew daily in numbers.

Paul's Vision Of The Man Of Macedonia

The Holy Spirit prevented Paul and his companions from preaching in Asia and Bithynia. In Troas, Paul had a vision of a Macedonian man asking for help. Concluding that God called them to Macedonia, they left immediately to preach the gospel there.

Lydia's Conversion In Philippi

Paul and his companions arrived in Philippi, a Roman colony in Macedonia. On the Sabbath, they met a group of women named Lydia who listened to Paul’s message. God opened her heart, and she, along with her household, were baptized. She invited Paul’s group to stay at her house.

Paul And Silas In Prison

A slave girl with a spirit of fortune-telling followed Paul, proclaiming them as servants of God. Paul cast out the spirit, which angered her owners because they profited from her fortune telling. They seized Paul and Silas and accused them of causing unrest, leading to their public beating and imprisonment. While in prison, Paul and Silas prayed and sang hymns at midnight. A violent earthquake opened the prison doors and loosened the prisoners' chains. The jailer, knowing a prison escape would lead to his execution under Roman law, was about to kill himself. Paul stopped him, explaining that none of them left. The jailer, moved by the event, asked how to be saved. Paul and Silas shared the gospel, and he and his household were baptized. The magistrates ordered Paul and Silas’ release, but Paul insisted on a public acknowledgment of their wrongful treatment since they were Roman citizens. The magistrates were alarmed because Paul being a Roman citizen means that they violated his rights by beating him and imprisoning him without trial. The magistrates personally escorted them out, requesting they leave the city. Paul and Silas visited Lydia’s house to encourage the believers before departing.

In Thessalonica - Chapter 17

Paul, Silas, and their companions traveled to Thessalonica. For three Sabbaths, Paul went to the synagogue to preach Jesus as the Messiah and His death and resurrection. Some Jews, many God-fearing Greeks, and prominent women were persuaded and joined Paul. However, some Jews, out of jealousy, incited a mob to riot. They attacked the house of Jason, seeking Paul and Silas, and dragged Jason and others before the city officials, accusing them of defying Caesar by proclaiming Jesus as king. Jason and the others were released after posting bond.

In Berea

The believers sent Paul and Silas to Berea at night, where they again went to the synagogue. The Bereans examined the Scriptures daily to verify Paul's teachings. Many Jews and prominent Greeks believed. However, when the Thessalonian Jews learned of Paul's work in Berea, they came and stirred up the crowds. Paul was quickly sent to the coast, while Silas and Timothy remained behind. Paul was escorted to Athens, with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him soon.

In Athens

Paul was distressed by the idolatry in Athens. He reasoned with Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogue and debated with people in the marketplace. A group of Epicurean and Stoic philosophers invited Paul to speak at the Areopagus (the earliest aristocratic council of ancient Athens). Paul began by acknowledging their religiosity and pointed to an altar inscribed, "To an unknown god," using this as a segue to proclaim the God who created everything. He explained that God does not live in human-made temples and is not served by human hands, for He gives life to all. Paul emphasized that God desires people to seek Him and that God commands all people to repent, for He has set a day to judge the world through a man He raised from the dead—Jesus. Some sneered at the mention of the resurrection, but others wanted to hear more. A few, including Dionysius and Damaris, believed and became followers.

In Corinth - Chapter 18

Paul arrived in Corinth and met Aquila and Priscilla, Jewish tentmakers who had been expelled from Rome. Paul stayed with them and worked as a tentmaker while preaching in the synagogue every Sabbath. Paul focused solely on preaching, but when the Jews opposed him, Paul shifted to preaching to the Gentiles. Many Corinthians, including a synagogue leader, believed and were baptized. Paul received a vision from the Lord encouraging him to keep preaching. He stayed in Corinth for 18 months. Later, Jews accused Paul before the Roman proconsul, but the proconsul saw it as a religious matter, not a legal one.

Priscilla, Aquila And Apollos

Paul left for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila. Before leaving, Paul took a vow and had his hair cut in Cenchreae. They stopped in Ephesus, where Paul preached in the synagogue but declined their request to stay longer, promising to return if it was God’s will. He then traveled to Jerusalem, greeted the church, and moved on to Antioch. Afterward, Paul traveled throughout Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening the disciples. Meanwhile, Apollos, an educated Jew from Alexandria, arrived in Ephesus and preached about Jesus, though his knowledge was limited to John's baptism. Priscilla and Aquila helped him understand the gospel more fully. Apollos later traveled to Achaia and defended Jesus as the Messiah.

Paul In Ephesus - Chapter 19

Paul arrived in Ephesus and encountered disciples who had only experienced John’s baptism. He explained that John's baptism was one of repentance and pointed to Jesus. After baptizing them in Jesus’ name, Paul laid hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues and prophesying. For two years, Paul preached in Ephesus, so all Greeks and Jews heard the word of the Lord. God performed extraordinary miracles through Paul, including his clothing items being taken to the sick and healing them. However, the sons of Sceva, attempting to invoke Jesus' name without true faith, were attacked by a demon. This led to widespread fear and respect for Jesus. Many Ephesians renounced sorcery and burned valuable scrolls. Paul then planned to visit Jerusalem and Rome, sending Timothy and Erastus ahead to Macedonia.

The Riot In Ephesus

A silversmith named Demetrius stirred up a riot against Paul. He argued that Paul’s teachings against idols threatened their livelihood and the reverence of Artemis, worshiped throughout Asia. Angered, some grabbed Paul’s companions, Gaius and Aristarchus, and dragged them into the theater. Paul wanted to address the crowd, but his disciples and city officials stopped him. Eventually, the city clerk calmed them, stating that no crime had been committed against Artemis and that legal grievances should be addressed in court. He warned against rioting, and the crowd dispersed.

Through Macedonia And Greece - Chapter 20

Paul encouraged the disciples and set out for Macedonia, where he continued to encourage believers. He stayed three months in Greece but returned to Macedonia due to a Jewish plot against him. Paul was accompanied by several disciples, including Sopater, Aristarchus, and Timothy. They sailed from Philippi after the Festival of Unleavened Bread and reunited with the group at Troas, where they stayed for seven days.

Eutychus Raised From The Dead At Troas

On the first day of the week, Paul spoke to the believers in Troas. A young man, Eutychus, fell asleep and fell from a third-story window. Paul embraced him, declaring him alive, and continued preaching until dawn.

Paul's Farewell To The Ephesian Elders

Paul sailed past Ephesus to reach Jerusalem by Pentecost. From Miletus, he summoned the Ephesian elders and gave a heartfelt farewell speech. Paul reflected on his service to the Lord and emphasized his dedication to preaching repentance and faith in Jesus. He said, “I consider my life worth nothing to me; my only aim is to finish the race and complete the task the Lord Jesus has given me—the task of testifying to the good news of God’s grace.” Paul declared himself innocent of any responsibility for their spiritual well-being, since he faithfully proclaimed God’s will. He warned the elders about future challenges, urging them to protect the church and remain vigilant against false teachers. He committed them to God’s grace and reminded them of the importance of helping the weak, quoting Jesus: "It is more blessed to give than to receive." After his speech, the elders, deeply moved by his departure, wept, prayed with Paul, and accompanied him to the ship.

On To Jerusalem - Chapter 21

Paul and his companions sailed from various cities, including Kos, Rhodes, and Patara, before reaching Tyre. They stayed for seven days with the disciples, who urged Paul not to go to Jerusalem. After praying together on the beach, they continued their journey. Along the way, they stayed with Philip the evangelist in Caesarea. Agabus, a prophet, warned Paul that he would be bound and delivered to the Gentiles in Jerusalem. After they plead with Paul not to go to Jerusalem, he told them not to worry by saying "I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die in Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus."

Paul's Arrival At Jerusalem

Paul was warmly received by the local believers in Jerusalem. He met with James and the elders, reporting the great work God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. The elders were concerned about rumors that Paul was teaching Jews to abandon the law, so they instructed him to join four men in their purification rites to demonstrate his continued respect for Jewish customs. Paul participated in the purification rites that included joining the men in the vow (likely the Nazirite vow), paying their expenses, and shaving his head.

Paul Arrested

As the purification days were almost over, Jews from Asia saw Paul in the temple and accused him of teaching against Jewish law and defiling the temple by bringing Gentiles into it. The crowd grew violent, and Paul was seized and dragged out of the temple. Roman soldiers intervened and rescued Paul from the mob but arresting and binding him in chains. Confusion among the crowd made it difficult for the commander to discern the charges, so Paul was taken into the barracks.

Paul Speaks To The Crowd

As Paul was about to be taken into the barracks, he asked the Roman commander for permission to address the crowd. The commander, surprised by Paul’s fluency in Greek, initially mistook him for an Egyptian rebel leader. Paul clarified that he was a Jew from Tarsus and requested to speak to the people. Paul stood on the steps and motioned for the crowd to be silent. When the crowd quieted, he began addressing them in Aramaic.

Paul Speaks To The Crowd (cont.) - Chapter 22

Paul explained his Jewish background and zealousness for the law. He recounted his intense persecution of Christians before his conversion on the road to Damascus, his vision of Jesus, and becoming blind. Paul shared how Ananias restored his sight and his baptism. After returning to Jerusalem, Paul fell into a trance at the temple, where the Lord commanded him to leave and proclaim the Gospel to the Gentiles.

Paul The Roman Citizen

The crowd listened to Paul's defense until he mentioned being sent to the Gentiles. The Roman commander ordered Paul to be flogged and interrogated to discover why the people were so hostile. However, Paul asserted his Roman citizenship, which made the commander reconsider, as it was illegal to flog a Roman citizen without a trial. Alarmed, the commander and soldiers quickly backed away, realizing the seriousness of having bound a Roman citizen unjustly.

Paul Before The Sanhedrin - Chapter 23

The commander wanted to know why Paul was accused so he brought him in front of the Sanhedrin. When Paul claimed a clear conscience before God the high priest Ananias ordered him struck, which led Paul to rebuke him for his hypocrisy. When Paul realized Ananias was the high priest, he apologized by quoting Exodus 22:28. Knowing the assembly was divided between Pharisees and Sadducees, Paul declared his belief in the resurrection. A debate ensued and became so intense that Roman soldiers had to intervene. That night, the Lord encouraged Paul and told him that he would testify in Rome.

The Plot To Kill Paul

More than forty Jews conspired to kill Paul, vowing not to eat or drink until they succeeded. They planned to ambush him by asking the Sanhedrin to request his presence. However, Paul's nephew overheard the plot and informed Paul, who had him tell the Roman commander. The commander warned the boy to keep the plot secret.

Paul Transferred To Caesarea

The Roman commander ordered 470 soldiers to escort Paul to Governor Felix in Caesarea. A letter was sent explaining that Paul, a Roman citizen, had been rescued from an angry mob and that there were no charges deserving death. Felix read the letter and decided to hear Paul's case when his accusers arrived and held him guarded in Herod’s palace.

Paul's Trial Before Felix - Chapter 24

Paul was put on trial before Governor Felix after being accused of stirring up riots and desecrating the temple. Tertullus, a lawyer for the high priest, presented the charges, but Paul defended himself, explaining that he had peacefully visited Jerusalem to worship. He admitted to following "the Way" (Christianity) and believing in the resurrection, which divided his accusers. Felix, familiar with the Way, postponed the case, keeping Paul under guard but allowing visitors. Felix later listened to Paul speak about faith but became fearful and dismissed him, hoping for a bribe. After two years, Felix was succeeded by Festus, but Paul remained imprisoned to appease the Jews.

Paul’s Trial Before Festus - Chapter 25

Upon arriving in Jerusalem, Festus was asked by Jewish leaders to transfer Paul. Festus declined, suggesting they bring charges in Caesarea. At Paul's trial, his accusers could not prove their claims. Paul defended himself, asserting innocence against charges related to Jewish law or Roman rule. Festus, seeking favor with the Jews, offered Paul a trial in Jerusalem, but Paul appealed to Caesar. Festus agreed to send Paul to Rome.

Festus Consults King Agrippa

Festus discussed Paul’s case with King Agrippa, explaining that the charges concerned Jewish religious disputes and Paul's claim that Jesus, who was dead, is alive. Festus informed Agrippa that Paul had appealed to Caesar. Agrippa expressed interest in hearing Paul, and Festus arranged a hearing for the following day.

Paul Before Agrippa

In a formal gathering with King Agrippa, Bernice, military officers, and city leaders, Festus presented Paul. He explained that the Jewish community called for Paul’s death, but Festus found no crime deserving death. Since Paul appealed to Caesar, Festus had to send him to Rome but lacked specific charges. He hoped Agrippa’s investigation would help clarify the case for the emperor.

Paul Before Agrippa (cont.) - Chapter 26

Paul expressed his gratitude for the chance to speak before someone familiar with Jewish customs. He recounted his life as a Pharisee and explained that his trial is based on his belief in the resurrection. Paul admitted to formerly persecuting Christians until his transformative encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, where he was appointed to preach repentance and forgiveness. Despite opposition, Paul has continued this mission, proclaiming the fulfillment of the prophecies about the Messiah’s suffering and resurrection. Festus accuses Paul of madness, but Paul insists his testimony is truthful. Agrippa acknowledges Paul’s innocence but notes that Paul's appeal to Caesar prevents his release.

Paul Sails For Rome - Chapter 27

Paul was handed over to a centurion named Julius for transport to Italy. They initially sailed on a ship from Adramyttium and landed at Sidon, where Julius allowed Paul to visit his friends. After reaching Myra, they boarded an Alexandrian ship heading to Italy. Due to conflicting winds their progress was slow, and sailing became dangerous. Paul warned of disaster, but the centurion followed the ship owner's advice to continue. They aimed to winter in Phoenix.

The Storm

As the storm raged, the crew struggled to control the ship, even throwing cargo and tackle overboard. After days without seeing the sun or stars, they lost hope. Paul reminded them of his earlier warning but encouraged them by telling them that an angel of God told him they would survive but the ship would wreck. He told them that he must stand trial before Caesar and urged them to have faith.

The Shipwreck

Sensing land, the crew measured the water depth and dropped anchors to slow the ship's approach. Paul prevented the sailors from abandoning the ship, stating that everyone must stay aboard to survive. Paul urged everyone to eat and reassured them that they would not perish. After eating, they lightened the ship by throwing the remaining grain into the sea. At daylight, they spotted a beach and tried to run the ship aground, but it struck a sandbar. The ship broke apart, and the soldiers considered killing the prisoners to prevent escapes. However, the centurion, wanting to spare Paul, ordered everyone to swim or float to land. All 276 aboard survived the shipwreck, safely reaching shore.

Paul Shore On Malta - Chapter 28

Once Paul and the others reached shore safely on the island of Malta, the islanders welcomed them. Paul was bitten by a viper while gathering wood, but it did no harm, surprising the locals who initially thought he was cursed. They later believed he was divine. Publius, the island’s chief official, hosted them, and Paul healed his father. Afterward, many others on the island were cured. In gratitude, the islanders supplied them with provisions for their journey.

Paul's Arrival At Rome

After wintering in Malta for three months, Paul sailed to Rome. In Puteoli, Paul met local believers and spent a week with them. In Rome, Paul was placed under house arrest with a guard but was allowed to live independently and continue his ministry.

Paul Preaches At Rome Under Guard

Paul gathered the local Jewish leaders in Rome to explain his situation and why he had been arrested. He spoke of the hope of Israel and his innocence. The leaders had not received any negative reports about Paul but were curious to hear his views on the Christian sect. Paul spent an entire day teaching them about the kingdom of God, using the Law of Moses and the Prophets to explain Jesus. Some believed, while others rejected his message. Paul concluded by quoting Isaiah, declaring that salvation had been sent to the Gentiles. He spent two years preaching about the kingdom of God and Jesus Christ.