Isaiah

Isaiah was written around 700 BC by the prophet Isaiah to the people of Judah and Jerusalem during a time when Assyrians were becoming more of a threat to them. Isaiah also outlines an eventual Babylonian exile. Isaiah conveys messages of judgment, hope, repentance, and faithfulness towards God. Through prophetic visions, Isaiah wants the people of imminent doom due to the people's sins and prophesies of a Messiah who will bring salvation. Isaiah's prophecies reveal God's plan for redemption, not just for Israel, but for all nations, ultimately pointing to the establishment of God's eternal kingdom.

A Rebellious Nation - Chapter 1

The prophet Isaiah has a vision during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah that concerns Judah and Jerusalem. God laments that His people have rebelled against Him and do not know Him. The nation is spiritually diseased and desolate due to their sins. God expresses that he finds no pleasure in their sacrifices or rituals. God also calls their worship empty because their hands are "full of blood." God calls them to repentance, urging them to cleanse themselves, seek justice, and defend the oppressed. He offers forgiveness for their sins if they repent. Jerusalem is now corrupt, filled with murderers and bribe-loving leaders who neglect the needy. God declares His intention to purge these impurities and restore righteous leaders to transform the city into a "City of Righteousness." Isaiah warns that rebels and sinners will be destroyed, but there is hope for redemption for those who return to God.

The Mountain Of The LORD - Chapter 2

Isaiah prophesies that a mountain with the LORD's temple will be established as the highest mountain, exalted above all other hills, and draw all nations to it. People from many lands will encourage one another to go to the temple to learn and walk in His paths. From Zion, God's law and word will spread to bring divine guidance to all. God will judge between nations to bring peace and weapons of war will be transformed into tools for agriculture. Isaiah calls upon the descendants of Jacob to embrace and walk in the light of the LORD.

The Day Of The LORD

Isaiah tells God that He has abandoned the people of Jacob because they have adopted superstitions, divination, and pagan customs from the East. The land is full of treasures, horses, chariots, and idols. Isaiah declares that human pride and arrogance will be humbled and that only the LORD will be exalted. The day of the LORD will bring fear and awe, causing people to seek refuge in rocks and caves to escape His presence. All forms of human exaltation and pride will be brought down and humans will be humbled. The people will get rid of their idols and flee from the LORD's wrath. Isaiah urges the people to stop relying on other humans, who are short-lived, and to put their faith in God alone.

Judgment On Jerusalem And Judah - Chapter 3

Isaiah prophesies judgment for Jerusalem and Judah due to their rebellion and sin against the LORD. God declares that He will strip away all forms of support and sustenance, including food, water, heroes, warriors, judges, prophets, elders, captains, and skilled individuals. Leadership will fall on children, resulting in societal chaos, oppression, and desperation. Jerusalem and Judah's sins are compared to Sodom because they do not try to hide them. The righteous will enjoy the fruits of their deeds, while disaster awaits the wicked. The LORD condemns the elders and leaders for exploiting the poor. The women of Zion are described as flirtatious and will face humiliation, shame, and suffering. The proud women will experience sores, baldness, and a reversal of their luxurious lifestyles. The men will fall by the sword, and the gates of Zion will mourn, symbolizing the complete desolation and humiliation of the city.

The Branch Of The LORD - Chapter 4

Isaiah describes a downfall where seven women will seek to marry one man to remove their disgrace. Despite Isaiah's prophecies of despair, he also has hopeful visions of "the Branch of the LORD" that will bring beauty and glory to the survivors of Israel. The people left in Zion and Jerusalem will be called holy. The LORD will cleanse Jerusalem's sin through judgment and fire. He will create a protective canopy over Mount Zion, symbolized by a cloud of smoke by day and a flaming fire by night, to provide shelter and refuge from heat and storms.

The Song Of The Vineyard - Chapter 5

Isaiah sings a song about God's vineyard that represents Israel. God, the owner of the vineyard, cares for it and expects it to produce good grapes. However, it yielded only bad fruit. The LORD asks the people of Jerusalem and Judah to judge the situation and asks what more He could have done. Since the vineyard failed to produce good fruit, God declares He will remove its protection, allowing it to become a wasteland, overgrown with briers and thorns, and deprived of rain. T

Woes And Judgments

Isaiah issues a series of "woes" against Jerusalem and Judah. Isaiah condemns those who accumulate wealth and leave others with nothing. He rebukes those who become drunk and party without thinking about God. Isaiah foresees God humbling the prideful and contrasts it with God’s exaltation through justice and righteousness. Isaiah warns against deceit, immorality, and corrupt leadership. The LORD's anger will bring destruction by fire. God will summon distant nations to execute judgment.

Isaiah's Commission - Chapter 6

Isaiah had a vision in the year that King Uzziah died of the LORD seated on a throne and surrounded by seraphim (angels) declaring His holiness. The seraphim are depicted as having "six wings: With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and with two they were flying." Overwhelmed by his unworthiness, Isaiah confesses his sinful state. One of the Seraphim flew to him to give him a coal from the altar that cleansed his sin. When the LORD asks who will go for Him, Isaiah volunteers, demonstrating his readiness to serve. The LORD tells Isaiah to deliver a message of judgment to the people and reveals their spiritual blindness and the destruction that will result from their disobedience. Despite the grim prophecy, God provides hope in the promise that a remnant will remain in the land.

The Sign Of Immanuel - Chapter 7

During King Ahaz’s reign in Judah, Jerusalem faces threats from King Rezin of Aram and King Pekah of Israel. In light of the alliance, Ahaz and his people were shaken, but the LORD sent Isaiah and his son Shear-Jashub to reassure Ahaz. Isaiah delivers God's message that Ahaz should remain calm because the plot against Judah will fail. The LORD says that in sixty-five years, Ephraim (Israel) will be shattered. God offers to show Ahaz a sign, but Ahaz refuses, stating "I will not put the LORD to the test." Regardless, Isaiah says that the LORD will provide a sign: "The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel." Before this child matures, the lands of King Rezin and Pekah will be destroyed. The LORD will bring Judah a trial through the king of Assyria.

Assyria, The LORD's Instrument

The LORD will summon armies from Egypt and Assyria to invade and bring destruction. The king of Assyria will humiliate the people, by shaving their heads, beards, and private parts. The land will become so desolate that only a few livestock will remain, like cows and goats that provide abundant milk, so the remaining people eat curds and honey. Vineyards will be overrun with briers and thorns, making the land more suitable only for hunting. Once-cultivated hills will become too dangerous to farm and will turn into grazing areas for cattle and sheep.

Isaiah And His Children As Signs - Chapter 8

The LORD told Isaiah to write on a scroll and name his next son "Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz", meaning "quick to the plunder, swift to the spoil", symbolizing the impending Assyrian conquest of Damascus and Samaria. Isaiah involved priests Uriah and Zechariah as witnesses. Isaiah had a son with a prophetess and named him Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz. God reiterated that before the child could speak, Assyria would plunder Damascus and Samaria. God warned of the consequences of rejecting Him, comparing Assyria to a flood that would overwhelm Judah. Despite nations' plans, they would fail because God is with His people. God warned Isaiah to only fear Him and not to follow the people's fears and conspiracies. The LORD is a sanctuary and a stumbling block that causes many to fall. While some find refuge in Him, others stumble because they disobey His word, leading to their fall. Isaiah stated that he and his children were "signs and symbols in Israel from the Lord Almighty, who dwells on Mount Zion." Isaiah said this because they were appointed by God to represent God's divine message.

The Darkness Turns To Light

Isaiah warns against consulting mediums and spiritists, urging people to seek guidance from God instead of the dead. He emphasizes that true wisdom comes from God. Isaiah states that those who do not listen to His Word lack enlightenment. Those same people will face distress and hunger that will lead them to anger with their king and God. They will only see gloom and darkness on earth, which will ultimately lead them to spiral into utter darkness.

The Darkness Turns To Light (cont.) - Chapter 9

Isaiah prophesies a time when the gloom and distress will be replaced by honor and light. Those who walk in darkness will see a great light. This transformation is compared to the liberation from oppression. Isaiah foretells the birth of a child who will bear the government upon his shoulders, known as the "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace." His rule and peace will be eternal. He will reign on David's throne and over his kingdom to establish justice and righteousness forever. "The zeal of the Lord Almighty will accomplish this." This foretells the coming of Jesus, the Messiah, from David's lineage who brought eternal rule, justice, and righteousness.

The LORD's Anger Against Israel

The LORD delivers a message of judgment upon Jacob that impacts Israel, specifically Ephraim and Samaria, who believe that they can rebuild stronger after devastation without the LORD. God empowered their enemies, the Arameans and Philistines, to fight Israel. Even as His anger remains, the people fail to return to God. God says He will cut off leaders and false prophets who mislead the people. God's wrath will spare no one since wickedness consumes all.

The LORD's Anger Against Israel (cont.) - Chapter 10

Isaiah expresses the sinful nature of those who enact unjust and oppressive laws that affect the poor, widows, and fatherless. Isaiah foretells the eventual judgment for those who make unjust laws. When disaster comes for them, their riches will offer no refuge, leaving them vulnerable to captivity or death. Despite these dire consequences, God's anger remains and His hand is still upraised for judgment.

God's Judgement On Assyria

God speaks through Isaiah and issues a woe against the Assyrians, whom He uses as a tool of His anger to punish godless nations. While God uses the Assyrians as His tool, their intentions extend beyond that to destroy nations indiscriminately. They boast of their conquests, comparing themselves to kings and claim credit for their victories. God declares His judgment upon the king of Assyria for his pride and arrogance. God will send disease and destruction upon their warriors and lands.

The Remnant Of Israel

Isaiah prophesies a time when the remnant of Israel will turn wholeheartedly to the LORD. God has decreed destruction and only a remnant of Israel will remain. The LORD will execute this judgment and relieve His people of the Assyrian threat. The LORD will punish the Assyrians as He did Midian and Egypt. The LORD will bring down the proud and lofty and Lebanon will fall before Him.

The Branch From Jesse - Chapter 11

Isaiah prophesies about a future descendant of Jesse, King David's father, who will be endowed with the Spirit of the LORD, filled with wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, and fear of the LORD. This righteous ruler will judge impartially, upholding justice for the needy and poor. His words will carry authority, bringing righteousness and faithfulness to the earth. During this time, the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the LORD. Nations will gather around this righteous leader, and the scattered people of Israel will be reunited from all corners of the earth. The Lord will facilitate the return of His people and ensure their safety, just as He did when Israel escaped from Egypt.

Songs Of Praise - Chapter 12

Isaiah prophesies that in the time of the Messiah, people will sing praise to the LORD, acknowledging His salvation and the turning away of His anger. The people will declare God as their strength and defender. The people will take upon God's gift of abundant salvation. The people will proclaim the LORD's greatness among the nations, sharing His glorious deeds and exalting His name. All will sing praises to the LORD, and recognize His wondrous works. The Holy One of Israel will be celebrated with shouts of joy and songs of praise, as His greatness becomes evident to all.

A Prophecy Against Babylon - Chapter 13

Isaiah delivers a prophecy against Babylon that foretells its destruction. He sees the LORD creating an army and commanding warriors to execute His wrath. The "day of the LORD" is depicted as a time of destruction, terror, and anguish. Babylon's destruction is compared to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Isaiah prophesies that the Medes will execute God's judgment and spare none. Babylon, once a proud and glorious kingdom, will become a desolate wasteland inhabited only by wild animals, signaling the fulfillment of divine retribution.

A Prophecy Against Babylon (cont.) - Chapter 14

Isaiah prophesies the LORD's compassion for Jacob and the restoration of Israel. The Israelites will be settled in their own land, and foreigners will join them. Israel will take possession of nations and rule over their oppressors. On the day the LORD delivers them from suffering, they will taunt the fallen king of Babylon. Babylon's destruction will be complete, with the names and descendants erased.

A Prophecy Against The Philistines

In the year King Ahaz died, Isaiah delivered a prophecy against the Philistines. He warned them not to rejoice over the fall of their oppressor because a more dangerous threat would arise from the same lineage. The poor and needy will find safety, but the Philistines will face destruction through famine. The message throughout Isaiah's prophecy is consistent, that the LORD has established Zion, and it will be a refuge for His afflicted people that will offer protection towards Israel during turmoil.

A Prophecy Against Moab - Chapter 15

Isaiah prophesies the destruction of Moab's cities, Ar and Kir, within a single night. Dibon mourns at its temple, and Moab wails over Nebo and Medeba. The people, visibly grieving, wear sackcloth, shave their heads, and lie prostrate in public places. The cries of Heshbon and Elealeh reach Jahaz, causing Moab’s warriors to lose heart. Fugitives flee to Zoar and Eglath Shelishiyah, lamenting as they go. The waters of Nimrim dry up, leaving the land barren. The Moabites carry their remaining wealth across the Ravine of the Poplars. Their cries resonate with Eglaim and Beer Elim. The waters of Dimon are filled with blood and further calamities that are symbolized by a lion.

A Prophecy Against Moab (cont.) - Chapter 16

Isaiah continues his prophecy concerning Moab. He calls for a tribute in the form of lambs to be sent to the ruler in Jerusalem. The women of Moab are described as displaced and vulnerable. Moab fugitives seek shelter from their enemies. A vision of hope is presented with the establishment of a righteous throne in the house of David. Despite this, Moab's pride and arrogance are condemned. The agriculture is described as withering, with the fields and vineyards that were once thriving, now desolate. Isaiah describes his lament for Moab. The Moabites’ religious practices are unable to change their fate. The prophecy concludes with a specific time frame: within three years, Moab’s will be reduced, and its population will be diminished.

A Prophecy Against Damascus - Chapter 17

Isaiah prophesies the downfall of Damascus. The city of Ephraim and royal power in Damascus will vanish. Israel's glory will fade, leaving only remnants. People will turn back to God and abandon idolatry. Their once-strong cities will become desolate because they forgot God. Despite their efforts in cultivation, their harvests will fail, bringing disease and pain. Nations that rage against Israel will be scattered by God. Their sudden terror will vanish by morning. This is the fate of those who plunder Israel, as divine justice prevails.

A Prophecy Against Cush - Chapter 18

Isaiah issues a prophecy against the land of Cush. Cush sends envoys in papyrus boats to a distant, formidable, and aggressive nation. The world is called to witness when God raises a banner on the mountains and sounds a trumpet. The LORD declares He will quietly observe from His dwelling place. At that time, gifts will be brought to the LORD from this distant, impressive nation to Mount Zion, the dwelling place of the LORD Almighty.

A Prophecy Against Egypt - Chapter 19

Isaiah issues a prophecy against Egypt that describes the LORD coming to Egypt, making idols tremble, and Egyptians to fear. Egyptians will fight each other, their plans will fail, and they will consult false gods. The LORD will hand them over to a cruel king, dry up the Nile, and devastate their agriculture and economy. The Pharaoh's officials will give him foolish advice, and Egypt will be helpless and fearful. Five cities will speak Canaan's language and worship the LORD. An altar to the LORD will be created, and the LORD will send them a savior and defender. A highway will connect Egypt, Assyria, and Israel, bringing blessings and unity.

A Prophecy Against Egypt And Cush - Chapter 20

In the year the Assyrian commander captured Ashdod, the LORD instructed Isaiah to remove his sackcloth and sandals, making him go stripped and barefoot. Isaiah's bareness symbolized a prophecy against Egypt and Cush. The LORD declared that the Assyrian king would lead the captives of Egypt and Cush away stripped, barefoot, and exposed to shame. Those who trusted in these nations would be dismayed and put to shame. The coastal people, Philistia and Phoenicia, who relied on Egypt and Cush against the king of Assyria would realize their reliance was futile and would question how they could escape the same fate.

A Prophecy Against Babylon - Chapter 21

Isaiah issues a prophecy against Babylon that describes an invader sweeping through the Desert by the Sea, symbolizing Babylon's destruction. Isaiah describes betrayal and looting. Elam and Media are called to attack. Isaiah expresses anguish and compares it to the pain of childbirth. Isaiah has visions of a banquet where officers are called to prepare for battle. A lookout is tasked with looking for chariots and riders. The lookout sees a man in a chariot who announces, "Babylon has fallen!" The prophecy concludes with the imagery of Babylon's idols shattered, which symbolizes the destruction of Babylon.

A Prophecy Against Edom

Isaiah issues a prophecy against Edom that describes the dialogue between a caller from Seir and a watchman. The caller asks about the remaining night, to which the watchman responds that morning is coming, but also the night. The dialogue symbolizes the uncertainty and inevitability of further hardship. The watchman invites the inquirer to return and ask again.

A Prophecy Against Arabia

Isaiah issues a prophecy against Arabia that warns the caravans of Dedanites to provide water and food for fleeing fugitives in Arabia. These refugees are escaping battle. The LORD declares that within a year, Kedar will end and only a few archers will survive.

A Prophecy Against Jerusalem - Chapter 22

Isaiah issues a prophecy against the Valley of Vision (Jerusalem) that describes the city filled with tumult and revelry. Jerusalem will crumble, and its leaders will flee. There will be a day of chaos that strips away Judah's defenses as Elam and Kir prepare for war. The people will ignore God's warnings and party. The Lord will replace the unfaithful steward, Shebna, with Eliakim. Eliakim will hold the key to the house of David, symbolizing authority. However, even this peg will give way, signifying divine judgment.

A Prophecy Against Tyre - Chapter 23

Isaiah issues a prophecy against Tyre that describes destruction. The ships of Tarshish, merchants, and seafarers mourn the loss of the once great marketplace by the Nile. Egypt is anguished by the news. Tyre's pride is humbled by the LORD, who will bring Tyre down. Tyre is forgotten for seventy years, but resumes its trade, with its profits dedicated to the LORD.

The LORD's Devastation Of The Earth - Chapter 24

Isaiah issues a prophecy against the earth that describes the destruction and scattering of its inhabitants. The people will feel guilt for defiling the earth and disobeying God's laws. Cities will be destroyed and there will be no celebration. Regardless, some will praise the LORD. Anguish and hardship await the people as the earth shakes and reels under the weight of the people's rebellion. "In that day the LORD will punish the powers in the heavens above and the kings on the earth below." The "powers in heavens above" likely refer to the fallen angels, while the "kings on the earth" represent human rulers, who will be punished for their pride and rebellion against God. "The LORD Almighty will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem" with great glory.

Praise To The LORD - Chapter 25

Isaiah praises God for His faithfulness and wonderful deeds including turning cities into rubble and silencing nations. On His mountain, the LORD will prepare a feast for all peoples and destroy the shroud of death, wiping away all tears and removing His people's disgrace. On that day, people will rejoice in His salvation. Moab will be humbled and their pride by laying down the fortified walls to the ground.

A Song Of Praise - Chapter 26

In the land of Judah, a song of praise will celebrate God's salvation. The righteous and faithful are welcomed to be kept in perfect peace by their trust in the LORD, the eternal Rock. The LORD humbles the proud and elevates the oppressed. When grace is provided to the wicked, they do not learn righteousness. God promises resurrection and renewal. God's people are urged to seek refuge until His wrath passes, as He comes to punish the earth for its sins and reveal concealed injustices.

Deliverance Of Israel - Chapter 27

The LORD will defeat Leviathan, the sea monster, with His powerful sword. The LORD will watch over the vineyard. The LORD invites peace, offers refuge, and calls for reconciliation. God will make Israel flourish and fill the world with fruit. Jacob's guilt will be atoned, his sin removed, and idols will be destroyed. The fortified city will become desolate, symbolizing the people's lack of understanding and God. The LORD will gather Israel from the Euphrates to the Wadi of Egypt, and a great trumpet will summon the exiles from Assyria and Egypt to worship the LORD on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.

Woe To The Leaders Of Ephraim And Judah - Chapter 28

Isaiah issues God's judgment of Ephraim and Judah's leaders. He condemns Ephraim’s pride, comparing it to a fading flower due to their drunkenness. God will send a powerful force to humble them. The LORD will be a source of justice and strength for a faithful remnant. The priests and prophets are depicted as intoxicated and unable to lead. Due to their disobedience, God will allow for their downfall. God will lay a cornerstone in Zion, symbolizing justice and righteousness. The LORD will invalidate their agreements with death and bring destruction. Isaiah urges them to listen to God's wisdom and instruction.

Woe To David's City - Chapter 29

Isaiah issues God's judgment of Ariel, the city where David settled. Isaiah prophesies a siege and lamentation. The enemies of Ariel will be defeated by the LORD. The nations attacking Mount Zion will not find success. The people are spiritually blind and deaf, unable to understand God's message. Their worship is superficial and driven by rules that they are taught, not in the love of the LORD. They attempt to hide their actions from God and defy His sovereignty. Lebanon will become fertile, the deaf will hear, and the blind will see. The humble will rejoice, and the unjust will be punished. Jacob's descendants will honor God and gain understanding.

Woe To The Obstinate Nation - Chapter 30

The LORD issues a woe to the obstinate (i.e. stubborn) children of Israel. They seek help from Egypt instead of God. Their reliance on Egypt will bring shame and disgrace, as Egypt is of no use to them. The LORD instructs Isaiah to record this warning as a testimony against the rebellious people who reject His guidance. Their downfall will be sudden and complete, but the Lord still longs to be gracious and compassionate. He promises salvation in repentance and trust, blessings for those who wait for Him, and the eventual destruction of their enemies. The people will abandon their idols and experience prosperity, healing, and divine guidance. The LORD will shatter their enemies, and the faithful people will celebrate and rejoice.

Woe To Those Who Rely On Egypt - Chapter 31

Isaiah delivers a message of warning and hope. Judah is rebuked for seeking help from Egypt instead of God. God warns of disaster for those who trust in human strength alone. However, the LORD promises protection for Jerusalem. God will come down to battle on Mount Zion. Isaiah emphasizes turning to God and away from sin. Assyria will not fall by human sword but to God.

The Kingdom Of Righteousness - Chapter 32

Isiah prophesies about a righteous king who will rule with justice, be a shelter from hardship, and provide security and comfort for the people. People will have their eyes and ears opened to truth, gaining understanding and clear speech. Fools and scoundrels will no longer be honored. while their wickedness and deceit will be exposed. Fools engage in ungodliness and neglect the needy, while scoundrels devise harmful schemes against the poor. The noble will act with integrity and be recognized for their honorable deeds.

The Women in Jerusalem

Isaiah warns women in Judah of impending dangers. The women have become complacent with abudance and peace, but desolation and barrenness is foretold. Isaiah prophesies that the Spirit of God will be poured out and turn the desolate wilderness into a fertile field. God will bring righteousness, peace, and security to the people.

Distress And Help - Chapter 33

Isaiah issues woes to those who destroy and betray, for they will receive consequences for their action. Isaiah asks for God's grace, strength, and salvation. He describes God’s army scattering nations. The LORD will fill Zion with justice, righteousness, and is the foundation for salvation and wisdom. The LORD will rise, exalt Himself, and consume the wicked like fire. Those who walk righteously and reject evil will find refuge and provision. Zion will be a peaceful refuge with no sickness, where sins for those who live there will be forgiven.

Judgment Against The Nation - Chapter 34

Isaiah calls upon all nations and peoples to listen. The LORD's anger is directed at all nations and their armies, and He will destroy them. Isaiah uses imagery of mountains soaked with blood, stars dissolving, and the sword of the LORD descending in judgement on Edom. Isaiah continues expressing Edom's destruction. Wildlife will inhabit the ruins, and desolation will reign. Edom’s nobles and princes will disappear, and the land will be overrun by thorns and become a haunt for wild animals. The LORD will continue the destruction for generations.

Joy Of The Redeemed - Chapter 35

The parched land and wilderness will rejoice and blossom to symbolize the glory and splendor of Lebanon, Carmel, and Sharon, which displays the glory of the LORD. Isaiah encourages the weak and fearful by assuring them that God will come with vengeance and retribution to save them. The blind will see, the deaf will hear, the lame will leap, and the mute will shout for joy. Water will transform the wilderness and desert to pools and springs. A holy highway will appear, reserved for the redeemed and pure, free from wicked travelers and dangerous animals. The redeemed will return to Zion with joy and singing, crowned with everlasting joy, and sorrow will disappear.

Sennacherib Threatens Jerusalem - Chapter 36

In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah's reign, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, attacked and captured the cities of Judah. The Assyrian king sent his field commander with a large army to Jerusalem. The commander stopped at the Upper Pool aqueduct and was met by Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah, Hezekiah's officials. The commander questioned their confidence and warned against relying on Egypt or the LORD. The commander said that Hezekiah's reforms had angered God. He offered a bargain while mocking their military strength and claiming divine authorization for the invasion. The officials asked him to speak in Aramaic, but he continued in Hebrew, addressing the people and urging them not to trust Hezekiah or expect deliverance from the LORD. The commander offered them peace and prosperity under Assyrian rule. The people remained silent, obeying Hezekiah's command to not respond. The officials then reported the field commander’s words to Hezekiah.

Jerusalem's Deliverance Foretold - Chapter 37

When King Hezekiah heard the Assyrian field commander’s threats, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth. Hezekiah went to the temple of the LORD and sent Eliakim, Shebna, and the leading priests to the prophet Isaiah to ask him to pray for the surviving remnant of Judah. Hezekiah hoped that the LORD would rebuke the Assyrian blasphemy. Isaiah responded with a message from the LORD, assuring Hezekiah not to fear the Assyrians’ blasphemous words, and promised that the Assyrian king would return to his country and be killed there. The Assyrian field commander withdrew after hearing that the king had left Lachish to fight against Libnah. Sennacherib, the Assyrian king, received a report that the Cushite king Tirhakah was marching out to fight him. He sent another message to Hezekiah, reiterating that Judah should not rely on God for deliverance, as no other nations’ gods had saved them from Assyria.

Hezekiah's Prayer

After receiving the Assyrian message, Hezekiah went to the temple of the LORD and spread it out before Him. Hezekiah prayed and acknowledged God as the Almighty and the Creator of heaven and earth who is enthroned above all kingdoms. Hezekiah asked God to listen and see the blasphemous words of Sennacherib. He acknowledged that the Assyrians had conquered many lands and destroyed their gods, but that those gods were merely man-made objects. Hezekiah prayed to God for deliverance from the Assyrians, so that all the kingdoms of the earth would recognize that the LORD alone is God.

Sennacherib's Fall

Isaiah sent a message to Hezekiah from the LORD. Isaiah assures Hezekiah that because he prayed, which is ultimately putting his trust in God, his prayer concerning Sennacherib had been heard. The LORD declared that Jerusalem, which is symbolized as the Virgin Daughter Zion, despised and mocked Sennacherib. The Assyrian king had ridiculed and blasphemed against God by boasting of his conquests and achievements. However, God reminded him that these events had been divinely ordained long ago. Because of Sennacherib's arrogance and rage, God vowed to lead him back the way he came and promised Hezekiah that Jerusalem would be spared. God would defend and save the city for His sake and for the sake of David. That night, an angel of the LORD killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. This forced Sennacherib to retreat to Nineveh. Later, while worshiping in his temple, Sennacherib was killed by his sons, and Esarhaddon succeeded him as king.

Hezekiah's Illness - Chapter 38

Hezekiah became gravely ill. Isaiah delivered a message from God that he would not recover and should prepare for death. Hezekiah prayed to remind the Lord of his faithful service and wept. God heard his prayer and instructed Isaiah to tell Hezekiah that he would be granted an additional fifteen years of life and that Jerusalem would be delivered from Assyria. As a sign of this promise, the LORD made the sun’s shadow move backward ten steps on the stairway of Ahaz. After recovering, Hezekiah reflected on his near-death experience. He expressed his anguish and the short-lived nature of life. He lamented that he would no longer see the LORD in the land of the living or be with people. However, Hezekiah acknowledged that his suffering was ultimately for his benefit because God put his sins behind Him to bring Hezekiah closer to Him. He praised God for delivering him from death and vowed to praise Him with music in the temple for the rest of his life.

Envoys From Babylon - Chapter 39

Marduk-Baladan, king of Babylon, sent envoys with letters and a gift to King Hezekiah after hearing that he recovered from illness. Hezekiah welcomed and showed them all the treasures of his storehouses, including silver, gold, spices, fine olive oil, his entire armory, and everything of value in his kingdom. Isaiah asked Hezekiah about the visitors and what they had seen. Hezekiah explained that they were from Babylon and had seen everything in his palace. Isaiah delivered a prophecy from the LORD that all the treasures in Hezekiah’s palace would be carried off to Babylon. Furthermore, some of Hezekiah’s descendants would be taken away to serve as eunuchs in the Babylonian king’s palace. Hezekiah accepted Isaiah’s message, thinking that at least there would be peace and security during his lifetime.

Comfort For God's People - Chapter 40

Isaiah delivers a message from God to comfort His people, announce the end of Jerusalem's suffering, and the forgiveness of their sins. A way is prepared for the LORD that promises His glory will be revealed to all. Human life is short but God's word endures forever. Isaiah says to proclaim the good news to Zion, Jerusalem, and Judah: "Here is your God!" God is incomparable, having created and measured the universe, and nations are insignificant before Him. Israel is reminded that God gives strength to the weary and renews the hope of those who trust in Him.

The Helper Of Israel - Chapter 41

God calls the nations to appear before Him for judgment, challenges them to renew their strength, and come forward to present their case. God asserts himself as the Creator and highlights the fruitlessness of idols. God reassures Israel, His chosen servant, and reminds them not to fear for He is with them. He vows to shame their enemies and transform Israel into a powerful force. God promises to provide for the needy and make deserts flourish to reveal His glory. He challenges idols to predict the future or past to expose their inability. God alone foretells events and acts with purpose, emphasizing the supremacy of His power and knowledge.

The Servant Of The LORD - Chapter 42

God introduces His servant, the chosen one filled with His Spirit, who will bring justice quietly, faithfully, and without harm. This servant will persist until justice is established to give hope even to the earth. God declares that He has called this servant in righteousness to be a covenant for the people and a light to the Gentiles. God emphasizes His divinity, refusing to share His glory with idols. God provides His people with prophecies before they happen to express His sovereign control over history and future.

Song Of Praise To The LORD

Isaiah says to sing a new song to the LORD and praise Him from the ends of the earth. He urges the people of Kedar and Sela to rejoice and give glory to the LORD. The LORD will march out like a warrior and stir up His zeal to triumph over His enemies. God says he has been silent but will act powerfully. He will lead the blind on unknown paths, turning darkness into light and smoothing rough places. God promises not to forsake His people, but those who trust in idols will be shamed.

Israel Blind And Deaf

The LORD calls to those who are spiritually blind, deaf, and lack understanding. Despite witnessing many acts of God, they remain unfaithful. The LORD’s law is meant to be great and glorious, but the people have become trapped, with no one to rescue them. Their disobedience has led to the LORD’s anger and judgment. The people's sin enveloped them like a fire but they did not understand their sin or take it to heart.

Israel's Only Savior - Chapter 43

Isaiah delivers a message from God to affirm that He is the one who created, redeemed, and claimed them as His own. God promises His protection through adversities. As the Holy One of Israel, He values and will go great lengths for them. God says He gather His people from all directions, while noting their preciousness and His unwavering love. God declares that He alone is God, the only Savior, who has revealed, saved, and proclaimed His power. No other god exists before or after Him, and His actions are irreversible, showcasing His supreme and eternal authority.

God's Mercy And Israel's Unfaithfulness

Isaiah delivers a message from God to affirm that God is the Redeemer and Holy One of Israel who will bring down the Babylonians for their sake. God reminds them of His past miracles and urges them to forget the past and recognize the new thing He is doing—providing a way in the wilderness and streams in the wasteland for His chosen people. Despite their neglect in worship, offerings, and sins, God promises to forgive their transgressions for His sake. He calls them to reflect on their past sins and acknowledge that their rebellion led to disgrace and destruction.

Israel The Chosen - Chapter 44

Isaiah delivers a message from God that He will help the people of Israel and pour out His Spirit and blessings upon their descendants. He will pour water on the thirsty land and His Spirit on their descendants. He says that they will flourish like grass in a meadow and trees by streams, while proclaiming "I belong to the LORD."

The LORD, Not Idols

Isaiah delivers a message from God regarding His supremacy as Israel’s King and Redeemer, the Lord Almighty. God proclaims that He is the first and the last, the only true God. He challenges anyone to compare to Him, while recounting His ancient deeds and foretelling the future. He tells Israel not to fear, as they are His witnesses to His unique divinity. God denounces idols and idol-makers. God describes them as worthless and the creators as blind, ignorant, and destined for shame. God calls Israel to remember their identity as His servant and reassures them of His forgiveness. He urges them all creation to rejoice in His glory displayed in Israel.

Jerusalem To Be Inhabited

Isaiah delivers a message from God stating that he is the Redeemer, Creator who formed Israel in the womb, and Maker of all things, who stretched out the heavens and spread out the earth. God asserts Himself over false prophets, diviners, and worldly wisdom, expressing their foolishness. He fulfills His predictions and proclaims that Jerusalem will be inhabited, while Judah's towns will be rebuilt. God appoints Cyrus as His shepherd, who will accomplish God's will by decreeing the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the laying of the temple's foundations.

Jerusalem To Be Inhabited (cont.) - Chapter 45

God speaks to Cyrus and anoints him to conquer nations, break barriers, and uncover hidden treasures. God blesses Cyrus so he may know the God of Israel who calls him by name. For the sake of Israel, God strengthens Cyrus and demonstrates His sovereignty as the only true God. He creates light and darkness, prosperity and disaster, commanding the heavens to rain righteousness and the earth to bring forth salvation. He proclaims that Cyrus will rebuild Jerusalem and free the exiles, not for a reward, but by divine decree. God foretells that nations like Egypt and Cush will recognize God’s supremacy in Israel. Idol makers will face disgrace, while Israel will have salvation and honor. God declares His righteousness and calls all to turn to Him for salvation. He promises that every knee will bow, every tongue will swear allegiance to Him, and Israel will find eternal deliverance and strength in Him alone.

Gods Of Babylon - Chapter 46

God expresses the uselessness of the idols of Bel and Nebo. He states how these idols cannot save themselves or others from captivity. In contrast, God reminds the descendants of Jacob and the remnant of Israel that He has upheld and carried them from birth and will continue to sustain and rescue them even in their old age. He questions who can compare to Him. God calls His people to remember His past deeds and recognize His unique sovereignty. God declares that He alone can reveal the future and fulfill His purposes. He asserts that His plans will stand. God says that His righteousness and salvation are near, His salvation will not be delayed, and He will grant salvation to Zion.

The Fall Of Babylon- Chapter 47

God foretells the downfall of Babylon. God compares Babylon to a once-proud queen now humbled and stripped of her dignity. God promises to expose Babylon's shame and take vengeance without mercy. Babylon is confident in its power and performs acts of sin. They never thought they would suffer a loss. However, the LORD declares that sudden disaster, widowhood, and loss of children will come upon Babylon in a single day. The wisdom and knowledge that led Babylon to pride will prove useless against the calamity that God will bring. The astrologers and sorcerers, who have guided Babylon, will be unable to save them.

Stubborn Israel - Chapter 48

The LORD addresses the descendants of Jacob. God points out their insincere devotion despite their claims to righteousness and reliance on God. He reminds them that He foretold past events to demonstrate His sovereignty, knowing their stubbornness and pattern of attributing outcomes to idols rather than to Him. God reveals new, events to show His control and to prevent them from claiming foreknowledge. He acknowledges their long-standing rebellion against Him. Despite their rebellion, God withholds His full wrath for His own sake, preserving His name and glory. God explains that He has tested and refined them through affliction, not out of anger but to prevent His name from being defamed and to ensure His glory is not shared with idols.

Israel Freed

The LORD calls Israel to listen. God asserts His authority by contrasting His prophetic reliability with the powerlessness of idols. God has chosen an ally to fulfill His purpose against Babylon, ensuring this chosen one’s success. God says from His first announcement, that He always openly communicated His plans. He speaks through His Spirit-filled messenger to affirm His role as Israel's Redeemer and guide. He laments their disobedience, which has cost them peace and prosperity. Despite their disobedience, He promises redemption. God tells Israel to flee Babylon and proclaim their deliverance joyfully. Reminding them of His past provisions in the desert, He assures them of His continuous care, while warning that peace is unattainable for the wicked.

The Servant Of The LORD - Chapter 49

Isaiah delivers a Messianic prophecy from God regarding the His chosen servant who was called from the womb and equipped with a sharp mouth. The Messiah will bring Jacob (Israel) back to God and be the light to the Gentiles. Kings and princes will recognize the Messiah. This passage is foretelling the coming of Jesus, the light of the world, King of kings, and LORD of Lords.

Restoration Of Israel

The LORD promises to answer and help His people and makes a covenant to restore the land and free captives. Isaiah calls for the people to rejoice, for the LORD comforts His afflicted ones, and never forgets them. Zion will witness the return of its children and the LORD will call nations to bring Zion's sons and daughters, with kings and queens serving them. Those who hope in the LORD will not be disappointed. The LORD will rescue captives from the mighty and defeat their oppressors, revealing Himself as the Savior and Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.

Israel's Sin And The Servant's Obedience - Chapter 50

The LORD questions Israel and states that their suffering is due to their sins, not His abandonment. He explains His power to rescue and challenge their lack of faith. The servant of the LORD (the Messiah), describes his mission to sustain the weary with God's words. Despite suffering and humiliation, he remains steadfast and trusts in the LORD. He calls on those who fear the LORD to trust and rely on Him, even in darkness. Those who rely on their own light will face torment.

Everlasting Salvation For Zion - Chapter 51

The LORD addresses those who seek righteousness and tells them to remember their origins from Abraham and Sarah, whom He blessed to become a great nation. He promises to comfort and restore Zion into a paradise filled with joy and singing. The LORD's justice and salvation will bring hope and eternal righteousness. He says to not fear humans who are short-lived but to have faith in Him as His salvation is forever. The LORD reminds the people of past deliverances, like parting the Red Sea. The redeemed will return to Zion with everlasting joy. The LORD comforts and protects His people, promising freedom and provision for the oppressed. He emphasizes His enduring presence and power, assuring Zion that they are His people, safeguarded by His words and the shadow of His hand.

The Cup Of The LORD's Wrath

The LORD calls on Jerusalem to rise and acknowledges they suffered under His wrath. The city has faced destruction without comfort. The LORD says that He has removed His wrath from Jerusalem and will not put His wrath on them again. He will now direct His wrath to the city's oppressors. Those who forced Jerusalem to submit will face divine retribution, as the LORD shifts His wrath onto them.

The Cup Of The LORD's Wrath (cont.) - Chapter 52

The LORD calls Zion to awaken and find their strength, declaring that the unclean will no longer enter Jerusalem. He tells Jerusalem to rise, shake off the dust, and free herself from captivity. The LORD promises redemption without cost, recounting past oppressions in Egypt and Assyria and the current mockery faced by His people. He declares that His people will know His name and recognize that He has foretold these events. The prophecy celebrates those who tell the good news, proclaim peace, good tidings, and salvation of God. Watchmen will joyfully witness the LORD's return to Zion, and the ruins of Jerusalem will burst into son. The LORD's power will be revealed to all nations, and His salvation will be seen by all the earth. He instructs the people to turn from their transgressions and cleanse themselves. The LORD will lead them and protect them so they do not fear.

The Suffering And Glory Of The Servant

The servant (Messiah) of the LORD will act wisely and be highly exalted. He will undergo suffering that will leave him disfigured beyond human likeness. Through his suffering, he will have a profound impact on many nations. Kings will be silenced by his actions. Those who did not know before will understand.

The Suffering And Glory Of The Servant (cont.) - Chapter 53

Isaiah continues providing a Messianic prophecy. The servant of the LORD will face suffering and rejection. He will take on humanity's pain and suffering but the people will say he is being punished by God. Although oppressed and judged unfairly, He will be silent, like a lamb led to slaughter. He will be killed for the people's sins and buried with the wicked, despite his innocence. It was God's will for him to suffer, making his life an offering for sin. He will be greatly exalted and rewarded for pouring out his life and interceding for transgressors.

The Future Glory Of Zion - Chapter 54

The LORD addresses His people by comparing them to a barren woman. He tells them to rejoice, for they will multiply abundantly. He instructs them to spread and take over nations. They are encouraged not to fear shame or disgrace because the Lord Almighty will be their Redeemer. Knowing that they felt abandoned, the LORD pledges to restore them with enduring kindness and compassion. He vows never to be angry with them again, and His love and covenant of peace will remain steadfast. The afflicted city, representing His people, will be rebuilt with precious stones, and their children will experience peace and instruction from the LORD. No weapon formed against them will prosper, for their vindication comes from the LORD.

Invitation To The Thirsty - Chapter 55

The LORD invites all to His salvation, without cost, using the symbolism of those who are hungry and thirsty coming to him for food and drink, without cost. God questions strive towards resources that don't satisfy and urges them to listen to Him and delight in what He offers. He promises an everlasting covenant, similar to His faithful love for David, and assures that nations will come to them because of the LORD’s splendor. He calls people to seek Him while He is near and encourages the wicked to receive His mercy. God declares that His ways and thoughts are higher than human ways, and His word will achieve His purposes. The people will experience joy, peace, and redemption.

Salvation For Others - Chapter 56

The LORD says to uphold justice and righteousness, as His salvation and righteousness are imminent. He blesses those who follow His ways by fasting, keeping the Sabbath, and refraining from evil. He reassures foreigners and eunuchs who are dedicated to Him that they will not be excluded from salvation.

God's Accusation Against The Wicked

The LORD expresses His judgment on the wicked, which is symbolized as beasts. He criticizes Israel's watchmen for their blindness and ignorance, comparing them to mute dogs that cannot bark. These leaders are lazy and indulgent, driven by insatiable appetites and selfishness. They lack understanding and seek their own gain. Their call to indulge in wine and beer, believing tomorrow will be as prosperous as today, highlights their complacency and disregard for their responsibilities.

God's Accusation Against The Wicked (cont.) - Chapter 57

The LORD says that when the righteous or devout die, no one takes notice but they are taken away to be spared from evil. God calls out the children of sorceresses and adulterers, looking down on their rebellion and idolatry. They burn with lust and engage in sinful practices, like sacrificing children and worshiping idols. God questions their fear and forgetfulness of Him. He declares that their so-called righteousness and works will not save them. When they cry for help, their idols will prove useless, but those who take refuge in God will inherit the land and possess His holy mountain.

Comfort For The Contrite

The LORD tells His people to prepare and remove any obstacles. God, who lives in a holy place, lives with the contrite (remorseful) and lowly to revive their spirit. God will not be angry forever because He knows His people would perish. Despite their sin and His punishment, they continued in their ways. Yet, He promises to heal and guide them to restore comfort and create praise. God promises peace, but the wicked will find no peace.

True Fasting - Chapter 58

The LORD commands His people to loudly proclaim their rebellion and sins. God expresses their hypocrisy of acting righteous, while their actions do not follow God's commands. They claim to fast and humble themselves, but they exploit workers and have quarrels. God questions the sincerity of their fasting, emphasizing that true fasting involves justice, freeing the oppressed, sharing food with the hungry, and providing for the poor. He says that genuine righteousness will bring healing, divine guidance, and protection. By acting on God's commands their light will shine brightly, and they will be like a well-watered garden. Observing the Sabbath properly will bring them joy in the LORD and the blessings promised to Jacob.

Sin, Confession And Redemption - Chapter 59

Isaiah says that God's power to save is too little, but the people's sins have created a barrier between them and God. Their actions are filled with violence, deceit, and injustice. They pursue evil and created a society where justice, truth, and righteousness are absent. They seek deliverance but remain in darkness due to their sin. Seeing that justice is lacking and intervention is needed, the Lord personally acts by wearing righteousness and salvation as armor and punishing His enemies. He promises redemption for those who repent, establishing an everlasting covenant where His Spirit and words will remain with His people and their descendants forever to ensure His presence and guidance eternally.

The Glory Of Zion - Chapter 60

The LORD calls His people to rise and shine, as His glory has come upon them. Despite the darkness that covers the earth, His light and glory will attract nations and kings. People from afar, bringing wealth and offerings, will gather to fill the land with joy and radiance. Foreigners will rebuild the walls, and their kings will serve, showing God's favor and compassion. The gates will remain open to receive the wealth of nations, and those who oppressed them will bow in reverence. God will turn their misfortune into joy by providing abundance, peace, salvation, and praise. The LORD will be their everlasting light that ends their sorrow. The people will inherit the land forever as a testament to God's splendor. God will swiftly fulfill these promises.

The Year Of The LORD's Favor - Chapter 61

Isaiah states that the Spirit of the Sovereign Lord is upon him because God anointed him to bring good news to the poor, heal the brokenhearted, and free captives. He proclaims the LORD’s favor, comforts mourners, and gives them beauty, joy, and praise. These people will be righteous, restoring ruins and renewing cities. Strangers will tend their flocks and fields, and they will be called priests of the LORD. They will receive a double portion of inheritance and everlasting joy. The LORD loves justice and hates wrongdoing. The LORD will make an everlasting covenant with them, and their descendants will be renowned. Isaiah rejoices in God's salvation and righteousness, which will flourish among the nations.

Zion's New Name - Chapter 62

Isaiah says he will not be silent until God provides Zion and Jerusalem with vindication, salvation, and a new name. Jerusalem will be a crown of splendor in God's hand and no longer be called Deserted or Desolate. Instead, they will be called Hephzibah and Beulah, meaning "my delight is in her" and "married." As a bridegroom rejoices over his bride, God will rejoice over Jerusalem. Watchmen will continually pray until they are praised by the earth. God has sworn that Jerusalem's harvests will be enjoyed by her people. The LORD proclaims that a Savior will come to Daughter Zion, who will be called the Holy People, the Redeemed of the LORD, Sought After, and the City No Longer Deserted.

God's Day Of Vengeance And Redemption - Chapter 63

Isaiah prophesies about the Messiah returning from Edom, specifically from Bozrah, with garments stained crimson to symbolize vengeance and redemption. The Messiah, robed in splendor and strong, declares, "It is I, proclaiming victory, mighty to save." When questioned about His red-stained garments, the Messiah explains that He alone sought action to seek redemption. In his anger, he trampled the nations, causing their blood to spatter his clothes. This was the day of vengeance and redemption.

Praise And Prayer

Isaiah recounts the kind deeds and compassion of the LORD that are to be praised. The LORD called Israel His people and became their Savior, sharing in their distress and sending His angel to save them. Despite His love and mercy, Israel rebelled, which grieved His Holy Spirit and turned Him into their enemy. Isaiah recalls how God guided Moses and His people through the sea, led them by His Spirit, and made His name glorious. Isaiah pleads with God to look down from heaven, remember His people, and show compassion once more. Isaiah asks God to return for His servants to save them from their enemies.

Praise And Prayer (cont.) - Chapter 64

Isaiah prays for God to come down and make His presence known by causing mountains to tremble and nations to quake. Isaiah acknowledges that no god besides the LORD acts on behalf of those who wait for Him. Isaiah confesses Israel's continued sinfulness and describes their righteous acts as inadequate and their sins as overwhelming. He laments the abandonment of calling on God's name and the desolation of their sacred cities and temple. Isaiah asks God for mercy, not to be angry beyond measure, and not to remain silent or to continue punishing them excessively.

Judgment And Salvation - Chapter 65

God reveals Himself to those who did not seek Him, but the people remain stubborn. They continue to rebel against God by practicing idolatry, offering impure sacrifices, and considering themselves too holy for others. God warns that He will punish their sins and those of their ancestors. However, God promises not to destroy all, comparing it to preserving a cluster of grapes for its blessing. He will bring forth faithful descendants from Jacob and Judah, who will inherit His mountains. While His servants will enjoy abundance and joy, those who forsake Him will face hunger, thirst, and shame. Ultimately, God will give His servants a new name, and past troubles will be forgotten.

New Heavens And New Earth

God declares that He "will create new heavens and a new earth," where former troubles will be forgotten. Jerusalem will be a place of joy and delight. Life will be abundant, with people living long and fulfilling lives. They will build homes and vineyards, enjoying the fruits of their labor without fear of losing them. The people and their descendants will be blessed by the LORD by experiencing answered prayers and God's presence. Peace will reign, with natural enemies like wolves and lambs living together harmoniously. No harm will come to God's holy mountain.

Judgment And Hope - Chapter 66

God declares that heaven is His throne and the earth His footstool. He favors the humble and contrite who tremble at His word but rejects those who follow their own corrupt ways. God finds their offerings detestable due to their disobedience. He will punish them for ignoring His calls, but God promises blessings and peace to those who love and mourn for Jerusalem. He will gather people from all nations to see His glory and bring them to His holy mountain. The new heavens and earth will endure, and all mankind will worship God. Those who rebel will face unending punishment, serving as a warning to all.